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22http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C361B818-0F48-4BE2-B595-1C95D54CA807
DOI: 10.24412/2226-0773-2021-10-8-1109-1116
Wikispecies Notula II. Unexpected availability of a name in Cerambycidae leads to a reversal of precedence
J.-S. Girard1, G. Tavakilian2
1IRMNG and Wikispecies contributor
Côte-des-Neiges, Montreal, Canada
e-mail: j.s.girard@live.ca
2Laboratory of Entomology, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle de Paris
Buffon str., 45, Paris F-75005 France
e-mail: gerard.tavakilian@mnhn.fr
Key words: Nomenclature, nomen protectum, Parastasia, Dorcasta, Scarabaeidae, Cerambycidae.
Abstract: The generic name Dorcasta (Cerambycidae: Apomecynini) is found to be predated by the earlier Gnaphalocera Chevrolat syn. nov., and D. dasycera by G. linta syn. nov. References are provided that afford Dorcasta and D. dascycera the status of nomen protectum. Updated synonymies for Dorcasta and D. linta are provided.
Introduction
The name Gnaphalocera was first used by Dejean (1833-1836: 349, 1836-1837: 375), but without including any available species name, leaving it a nomen nudum under article 12.2 (ICZN, 1999). The name has been subsequently mostly ignored except by a few indexers such as Bousquet & Bouchard (2013). Most noticeably, the name is not treated by Gemminger & Harold (1873) and its only mention in Thomson (1864-1865: 132) is as one of only two cerambycid genera of Dejean that had never been synonymized or described by subsequent authors.
The availability and identity of Gnaphalocera Chevrolat, 1845
The first author has been involved since early 2020 in updating data surrounding the names in the second edition of Dejean’s Catalogue for integration in the Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera (IRMNG, Rees et al., 2020). While performing a routine check on the Dejean name Gnaphalocera, it was noticed that contrary to Thomson’s belief, the name had in fact been described.
The various Encyclopédies and Dictionnaires published in the 19th century have resulted in a number of names becoming available that have often been overlooked. This is the case with Gnaphalocera, one of several Dejean names which Chevrolat (1845) discussed in D’Orbigny’s Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturelle, and in doing so made available through either indication or description. Other such names include Dorcaschema Chevrolat, 1844 and Chaetosoma Chevrolat, 1843. The latter name was rejected in 2011 to protect Apodasya Pascoe (ICZN, 2011).
The description of Chevrolat (1845) is reproduced here, followed by a translation in English with added comments in square brackets:
Cette espèce est d'un gris noirâtre, a la tête tronquée obliquement en dessous, des antennes épaisses, plus longues que le corps, poilues au côté inférieur, composées de 11 articles; le cou subcylindrique; les élytres tronquées obliquement à l'extrémité de l'angle marginal à la suture; elles sont terminées en brun et fasciées au-delà de brun foncé et de blanc. Pattes courtes, épaisses; longueur, 9 millimètres.
This species is blackish grey, with the head obliquely truncated below, thick antennas, longer than the body, hairy on the inferior side, with 11 joints [a trait shared by the vast majority of cerambycids]; the neck [i.e. the pronotum] sub-cylindrical, the elytras obliquely truncated at the extremity of the sutural margin, brown at the end and with mixed dark brown and white fascia. Legs short, thick; length, 9 millimeters.
This description agrees well with Hippopsis dasycera Erichson (1848: 574), a species also first described from French Guiana. This would makes G. linta a senior synonym of H. dasycera. Since Erichson’s species is currently treated as a valid taxon in Dorcasta Pascoe (Bezark et al., 2018), that makes Dorcasta Pascoe (1858: 264) a junior synonym of Gnaphalocera Chevrolat.
Dorcasta and D. dasycera have been in continuous use for a valid neotropical genus and species since their description (Bezark et al., 2018) and we see no reasons to disrupt their nomenclature over the availability of such an obscure name. For this reason, reversal of precedence under Article 23.9 (ICZN 1999) seems only appropriate here. The required 25 references published within the last 50 years (and encompassing a range of no less than 10) by 10 or more different authors, all of which use Dorcasta dasycera (Erichson) as a valid species of Cerambycidae and by extension Dorcasta Pascoe as a valid genus, are listed at the end of the article, preceding the references.
Taxonomy
Dorcasta Pascoe 1858
Gnaphalocera Dejean, 1835: 349; Dejean, 1837: 375. Unavailable: no available specie sname included. syn. nov.
Gnaphalocera Chevrolat, 1845: 245. syn. nov. Nomen oblitum.
Type: G. linta Chevrolat, by monotypy.
Dorcasta Pascoe, 1858: 264. Nomen protectum.
Type: D. oryx Pascoe, by subsequent designation of Thomson (1864: 95)
Aegilopsis Horn 1860: 571
Type: A. cinerea Horn, by monotypy.
Dorcasta dasycera (Erichson, 1848)
Gnaphalocera lincta Dejean, 1835: 349; Dejean, 1837: 375. Unavailable: no description. syn. nov.
Gnaphalocera linta Chevrolat 1845: 245. syn. nov. Nomen oblitum.
Hippopsis dasycera Erichson, 1848: 574. Nomen protectum.
Dorcasta oryx Pascoe, 1858: 264.
Remarks. A search of Dorcasta material in the collections of British Museum of Natural History (where most of Chevrolat’s collection is currently conserved) failed to locate any potential type material for Gnaphalocera linta Chevrolat. A search of related material at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle also failed to turn up any such material. Because the possibilty of type material turning up in the future cannot be discounted, we refrain from designating a neotype for Chevrolat’s name.
Sources for validating the status of nomen protectum of Dorcasta Pascoe, 1858 over Gnaphalocera Chevrolat, 1845 and of Hippopsis dasycera Erichson, 1849 over Gnaphalocera linta Chevrolat, 1845
.
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Acknowledgements. We thank Max Barclay for examining material at BMNH. The first author also thanks Iestyn Jealous (Wikispecies user Monter Iestyn) for the tremendous help in looking up literature material related to Dejean names.
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Received: 13.10.2021
Accepted: 03.11.2021
