Lihat sumber Genom

=== Ukuran genom, jumlah gen, dan densitas gen ===
Secara umum, terdapat perbedaan ukuran genom, jumlah gen, dan densitas gen antara [[prokariota]] dan [[eukariota]]. Prokariota memiliki genom yang lebih kecil dengan jumlah gen lebih sedikit dan densitas gen lebih besar bila dibandingkan dengan eukariota. [[Bakteria]] dan [[arkea]] umumnya memiliki genom berukuran sekitar 1–6 juta [[pasangan basa]] (Mb) yang mengandung 1.500–7.500 gen. Misalnya, genom bakteri ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' berukuran 4,6 Mb dan mengandung sekitar 4.300 gen. Sebaliknya, eukariota memiliki genom lebih besar dengan jumlah gen lebih banyak. Genom [[khamir]] bersel tunggal ''[[Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]'' (tergolong [[fungi]]), misalnya, berukuran sekitar 12 Mb, sedangkan kebanyakan [[tumbuhan]] dan [[hewan]] multisel memiliki genom lebih dari 100 Mb. Sementara itu, jumlah gen dalam genom eukariota dapat mencapai 5.000 pada fungi bersel tunggal sampai dengan 40.000 pada makhluk multiselular. Selain itu, eukariota secara umum memiliki jumlah gen yang lebih sedikit per pasangan basa dibandingkan dengan prokariota, yaitu densitas gennya lebih rendah. Misalnya, manusia memiliki genom dengan ukuran ratusan sampai ribuan kali lebih besar daripada bakteri, tetapi jumlah gennya hanya 5 sampai 15 kali lebih banyak.<ref>{{harvnb|Campbell|Reece|Urry|Cain|2008| pp=432–433}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Ukuran genom dan perkiraan jumlah gen<sup id="fn_1_back">[[#fn 1|i]]</sup><sup>, </sup><sup id="fn_2_back">[[#fn 2|ii]]</sup>
|-
!Jenis organisme
!Organisme
!colspan="2"|Ukuran genom<br>([[pasangan basa]])<sup id="fn_3_back">[[#fn 3|iii]]</sup>
!Jumlah gen
!Densitas gen (gen/Mb)
!Jumlah kromosom haploid
!class="unsortable"|Keterangan
|-
|[[Virus]]
|[[Bakteriofag]] MS2
|align="right"|3.569
|3,6 kb
|align="right"|4
|align="right"|1.121
|align="right"|1
|Genom (ssRNA) yang pertama disekuensing, 1976.<ref name=Fiers1976>{{cite journal |author=Fiers W, ''et al.'' |title=Complete nucleotide-sequence of bacteriophage MS2-RNA - primary and secondary structure of replicase gene |journal=Nature |volume=260 |pages=500–507 |year=1976 |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v260/n5551/abs/260500a0.html |issue=5551 |access-date=2012-12-20 |archive-date=2016-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313113916/http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v260/n5551/abs/260500a0.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
|[[Virus]]
|Bakteriofag Φ-X174
|align="right"|5.386
|5,4 kb
|align="right"|11
|align="right"|2.042
|align="right"|1
|Genom ssDNA yang pertama disekuensing, 1977.<ref name=Sanger1977>{{cite journal |author=Sanger F, Air GM, Barrell BG, Brown NL, Coulson AR, Fiddes CA, Hutchison CA, Slocombe PM, Smith M |title=Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA |journal=Nature |volume=265 |issue=5596 |pages=687–695 |year=1977 |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v265/n5596/abs/265687a0.html |access-date=2012-12-20 |archive-date=2017-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720151900/http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v265/n5596/abs/265687a0.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
|[[Virus]]
|[[Megavirus]]
|align="right"|1.259.197 
|1,3 Mb
|align="right"|1.120
|align="right"|890
|align="right"|1
|Genom virus terbesar yang diketahui saat ini.<ref name="Doipnas">{{cite journal |doi=10.1073/pnas.1110889108 |title=Distant Mimivirus relative with a larger genome highlights the fundamental features of Megaviridae |year=2011 |last1=Arslan |first1=D. |last2=Legendre |first2=M. |last3=Seltzer |first3=V. |last4=Abergel |first4=C. |last5=Claverie |first5=J.-M. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA |volume=108 |issue=42 |pages=17486}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bakteria]]
|''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]''
|align="right"|580.070
|580 kb
|align="right"|470
|align="right"|810
|align="right"|1
|Genom bakteri nonsimbiotik yang terkecil.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fraser |first=Claire M. |authorlink= |coauthors=''et al.'' |year=1995 |month= |title=The Minimal Gene Complement of ''Mycoplasma genitalium'' |journal=Science |volume=270 |issue=5235 |pages=397–404 |doi=10.1126/science.270.5235.397 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Bakteria]]
|''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'' Rd
|align="right"| 1.830.137
|1,8 Mb
|align="right"|1.703
|align="right"|930
|align="right"|1
|Genom organisme seluler yang pertama disekuensing, 1995.<ref name=Fleichmann_1995>{{cite journal |author=Fleischmann R, Adams M, White O, Clayton R, Kirkness E, Kerlavage A, Bult C, Tomb J, Dougherty B, Merrick J |title=Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of ''Haemophilus influenzae'' Rd |journal=Science |volume=269 |issue=5223 |pages=496–512 |year=1995 |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/269/5223/496 |access-date=2012-12-20 |archive-date=2009-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013155809/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/269/5223/496 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
|[[Bakteria]]
|''[[Escherichia coli]]'' K-12
|align="right"|4.639.221
|4,6 Mb
|align="right"|4.288
|align="right"|924
|align="right"|1
|<ref>{{cite journal | journal=Science | author=Frederick R. Blattner, Guy Plunkett III, ''et al.'' | volume=277 | doi=10.1126/science.277.5331.1453 | title=The Complete Genome Sequence of ''Escherichia coli'' K-12 | url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/277/5331/1453 | pages=1453–1462 | year=1997 | issue=5331 | access-date=2012-12-20 | archive-date=2010-04-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410002515/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/277/5331/1453 | dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
|[[Bakteria]]
|''[[Sorangium cellulosum]]''
|align="right"|13.033.779
|13 Mb
|align="right"|9.367
|align="right"|721
|align="right"|1
|Genom bakteria terbesar yang diketahui saat ini.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Schneiker S et al. | title=Complete genome sequence of the myxobacterium ''Sorangium cellulosum'' | journal=Nature Biotechnology | year=2007 | pages=1281–1289 | volume=25 | issue=11 | doi=10.1038/nbt1354 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Arkea]]
|''[[Nanoarchaeum equitans]]''
|align="right"|490.885
|490 kb
|align="right"|552
|align="right"|1.125
|align="right"|1
|Genom seluler nonsimbiotik yang terkecil.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Waters E, Hohn MJ, Ahel I, Graham DE, Adams MD, Barnstead M, Beeson KY, Bibbs L, Bolanos R, Keller M, Kretz K, Lin X, Mathur E, Ni J, Podar M, Richardson T, Sutton GG, Simon M, Soll D, Stetter KO, Short JM, Noordewier M. | year = 2003 | title = The genome of ''Nanoarchaeum equitans'': insights into early archaeal evolution and derived parasitism | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA | volume = 100 | issue = 22 | pages = 12984–12988 | url = http://www.pnas.org/content/100/22/12984.long | access-date = 2012-12-27 | archive-date = 2022-01-13 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220113225122/https://www.pnas.org/content/100/22/12984.long | dead-url = no }}</ref>
|-
|[[Arkea]]
|''[[Methanocaldococcus jannaschii]]'' (sebelumnya ''Methanococcus jannaschii'')
|align="right"|1.664.976
|1,7 Mb
|align="right"|1.738
|align="right"|1.044
|align="right"|1
|Genom arkea yang pertama disekuensing, 1996.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bult CJ ''et al.''|title= Complete genome sequence of the methanogenic archaeon, ''Methanococcus jannaschii.''|journal=Science |volume=273 |issue=5278 |pages=1058–1073 | year=1996 |doi=10.1126/science.273.5278.1058}}</ref> 
|-
|[[Eukariota]]
|''[[Encephalitozoon cuniculi]]'' ([[fungi]])
|align="right"|2.900.000
|2,9 Mb
|align="right"|1.997
|align="right"|689
|align="right"|11
|Genom eukariota terkecil yang diketahui saat ini.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Katinka MD, Duprat S, Cornillot E, Méténier G, Thomarat F, Prensier G, Barbe V, Peyretaillade E, Brottier P, Wincker P, Delbac F, El Alaoui H, Peyret P, Saurin W, Gouy M, Weissenbach J, Vivarès CP. | title = Genome sequence and gene compaction of the eukaryote parasite ''Encephalitozoon cuniculi''. | journal = Nature | year = 2001 | volume = 414 | issue = 6862 | pages = 401–2 | doi = 10.1038/35106579}}</ref>
|-
|[[Eukariota]]
|''[[Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]'' (fungi)
|align="right"|12.068.000
|12 Mb
|align="right"|5.885
|align="right"|486
|align="right"|16
|Genom eukariota yang pertama disekuensing, 1996.<ref>{{cite journal |author=A. Goffeau, B. G. Barrell, H. Bussey, R. W. Davis, B. Dujon, H. Feldmann, F. Galibert, J. D. Hoheisel, C. Jacq, M. Johnston, E. J. Louis, H. W. Mewes, Y. Murakami, P. Philippsen, H. Tettelin & S. G. Oliver |year=1996 |title=Life with 6000 genes |journal=Science |volume=274 |issue=5287 |pages=546, 563–567 |doi=10.1126/science.274.5287.546 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Eukariota]]
|''[[Caenorhabditis elegans]]'' ([[nematoda]])
|align="right"|97.000.000
|97 Mb
|align="right"|19.099
|align="right"|197
|align="right"|6
|Genom hewan multiselular yang pertama disekuensing, 1998<ref>{{cite journal |author=The ''C. elegans'' Sequencing Consortium |year=1998 |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/282/5396/2012 |title=Genome sequence of the nematode ''C. elegans'': a platform for investigating biology |journal=Science |volume=282 |issue=5396 |doi=10.1126/science.282.5396.2012 |pages=2012–2018 |access-date=2012-12-20 |archive-date=2009-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125154830/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/282/5396/2012 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
|[[Eukariota]]
|''[[Arabidopsis thaliana]]'' ([[tumbuhan berbunga]])
|align="right"|125.000.000
|125 Mb
|align="right"|25.498
|align="right"|204
|align="right"|5
|Genom tumbuhan yang pertama disekuensing, 2000.<ref>{{cite journal| author=The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative| title=Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant ''Arabidopsis thaliana''| journal=Nature| year=2000| volume=408| pages=796–815| doi=10.1038/35048692 | issue=6814}}</ref>
|-
|[[Eukariota]]
|''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]'' (lalat buah)
|align="right"|180.000.000
|180 Mb
|align="right"|13.600
|align="right"|76
|align="right"|4
|<ref>{{cite journal | author = Adams MD, Celniker SE, Holt RA, ''et al.'' | title = The genome sequence of ''Drosophila melanogaster'' | journal = Science | volume = 287 | issue = 5461 | pages = 2185–95 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1126/science.287.5461.2185 | url = http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/287/5461/2185 | access-date = 2012-12-20 | archive-date = 2009-09-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090907065028/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/287/5461/2185 | dead-url = no }}</ref>
|-
|[[Eukariota]]
|''[[Populus trichocarpa]]''
|align="right"|410.000.000
|410 Mb
|align="right"|45.555
|align="right"|111
|align="right"|19
|Genom tumbuhan berkayu yang pertama disekuensing.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Tuskan GA |title=The genome of black cottonwood, ''Populus trichocarpa'' (Torr. & Gray) |journal=Science |volume=313 |issue=5793 |pages=1596–604 |year=2006 |doi=10.1126/science.1128691 |url=|author-separator=, |author2=Difazio S |author3=Jansson S |display-authors=3 |last4=Bohlmann |first4=J. |last5=Grigoriev |first5=I. |last6=Hellsten |first6=U. |last7=Putnam |first7=N. |last8=Ralph |first8=S. |last9=Rombauts |first9=S. }}</ref> 
|-
|[[Eukariota]]
|''[[Oryza sativa]]'' (padi)
|align="right"|430.000.000
|430 Mb
|align="right"|45.000
|align="right"|105
|align="right"|12
|<ref>{{cite journal |author=Yu J |title=A draft sequence of the rice genome (''Oryza sativa'' L. ssp. ''indica'') |journal=Science|volume=296 |issue=5565 |pages=79–92 |year=2002 |doi=10.1126/science.1068037 |url=|author-separator=, |author2=Hu S |author3=Wang J |display-authors=3 |last4=Wong |first4=GK |last5=Li |first5=S |last6=Liu |first6=B |last7=Deng |first7=Y |last8=Dai |first8=L |last9=Zhou |first9=Y }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Goff SA |title=A draft sequence of the rice genome (''Oryza sativa'' L. ssp. ''japonica'') |journal=Science |volume=296 |issue=5565 |pages=92–100 |year=2002 |doi=10.1126/science.1068275 |url=|author-separator=, |author2=Ricke D |author3=Lan TH |display-authors=3 |last4=Presting |first4=G |last5=Wang |first5=R |last6=Dunn |first6=M |last7=Glazebrook |first7=J |last8=Sessions |first8=A |last9=Oeller |first9=P }}</ref>
|-
|[[Eukariota]]
|''[[Mus musculus]]'' (mencit)
|align="right"|2.493.000.000
|2,5 Gb
|align="right"|22.011
|align="right"|8,8
|align="right"|23
|<ref>{{cite journal |author=Waterston RH |title=Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome |journal=Nature |volume=420 |issue=6915 |pages=520–62 |year=2002 |doi=10.1038/nature01262 |url= |author-separator=, |author2=Lindblad-Toh K |author3=Birney E |display-authors=3 |last4=Fewell |first4=Ginger A. |last5=Fulton |first5=Lucinda A. |last6=Fulton |first6=Robert S. |last7=Graves |first7=Tina A. |last8=Hillier |first8=Ladeana W. |last9=Mardis |first9=Elaine R.}}</ref>
|-
|[[Eukariota]]
|''[[Homo sapiens]]'' (manusia)
|align="right"|3.200.000.000
|3,2 Gb
|align="right"|20.500
|align="right"|6,4
|align="right"|23
|Hasil [[Proyek Genom Manusia]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=McPherson JD |title=A physical map of the human genome |journal=Nature |volume=409 |issue=6822 |pages=934–41 |year=2001 |doi=10.1038/35057157 |url= |author-separator=, |author2=Marra M |author3=Hillier L |display-authors=3 |last4=Waterston |first4=Robert H. |last5=Chinwalla |first5=Asif |last6=Wallis |first6=John |last7=Sekhon |first7=Mandeep |last8=Wylie |first8=Kristine |last9=Mardis |first9=Elaine R.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Venter JC |title=The sequence of the human genome |journal=Science |volume=291 |issue=5507 |pages=1304–51 |year=2001 |doi=10.1126/science.1058040 |url=|author-separator=, |author2=Adams MD |author3=Myers EW |display-authors=3 |last4=Li |first4=PW |last5=Mural |first5=RJ |last6=Sutton |first6=GG |last7=Smith |first7=HO |last8=Yandell |first8=M |last9=Evans |first9=CA }}</ref>
|}