Lee ebe Mmefu ego ike nke ụwa si

== Ike na-aga n'ụwa ==
[[Usòrò:NPP_Ceres_Shortwave_Radiation.ogv|thumb|Incoming, top-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave flux radiation, na-egosi ike natara site na Anyanwụ dịka e si nweta ya site na nyocha CERES (2627 Jenụwarị 2012). Ebe ndị na-acha ọcha na-egbuke egbuke na-egosi ngosipụta kachasị elu (nke na-adịchaghị adọrọ) nke ike anyanwụ, ebe ebe ebe ndị na-adịghị anụnụ anụnụ na-egosi nnukwu adọrọ.]]
N'agbanyeghị nnukwu nnyefe nke ike n'ime na site n'ụwa, ọ na ejigide okpomọkụ na adịgide adịgide n'ihi na, n'ozuzu ya, enwere obere uru ma ọ bụ mfu: Ụwa na ewepụta site na radieshon ikuku na nke ụwa (gbanwere na ogologo oge electromagnetic wavelengths) na mbara igwe banyere otu ike ahụ ka ọ na enweta site na insolation anyanwụ (ụdị radieshon electromagnetic niile).

=== Ike anyanwụ na-abata (shortwave radiation) ===
 
A na atụle ngụkọta nke ike natara kwa sekọnd n'elu ikuku nke ụwa (TOA) na watts ma na enye ya site na oge [[:en:Solar_constant|anyanwụ na adịgide adịgide]] ebe gafere ụwa kwekọrọ na radiation.  N'ihi na ebe elu nke okirikiri bụ okpukpu anọ nke ebe okirikiri (ya bụ, ebe okirikiti nke okirikiti), nkezi TOA zuru ụwa ọnụ na kwa afọ bụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke anyanwụ na adịgide adịgide ma yabụ ọ bụ ihe dịka 340 watts kwa square mita (W / m2). Ebe ọ bụ na ịmịkọrọ na adịgasị iche na ọnọdụ yana mgbanwe nke ehihie, oge na kwa afọ, ọnụọgụ ndị e depụtara bụ nkezi ọtụtụ afọ nwetara site na ọtụtụ nyocha satellite.

N'ime ~340 W / m<sup>2</sup> nke radieshon anyanwụ nke ụwa natara, nkezi nke ~77 W / m 2 na egosipụta azụ na mbara igwe site na igwe ojii na ikuku na ~23 W / m2) na egosipụtakwa site na albedo elu, na ahapụ ~240 W / mm2 nke ike anyanwụ na mmefu ego ike nke ụwa. A na akpọ ọnụọgụ a radieshon anyanwụ (ASR).  Ọ na egosi uru nke ihe dị ka 0.3 maka albedo nke ụwa, nke a na akpọkwa [[:en:Bond_albedo|Bond albedo]] (A):

: <math> ASR = (1-A) \times 340~\mathrm{W}~\mathrm{m}^{-2} \simeq 240~\mathrm{W}~\mathrm{m}^{-2}.</math>

=== Ọdịdị radieshon na-apụta ===
[[Usòrò:NPP_Ceres_Longwave_Radiation.ogv|thumb|Ọpụpụ, ogologo oge radiation na-aga n'elu ikuku (26:27) Jenụwarị 2012). A na-egosi ike okpomọkụ sitere n'ụwa (na watts kwa square mita) na agba odo, ọbara ọbara, acha anụnụ anụnụ na ọcha. Mpaghara ndị na-acha odo odo na-enwu gbaa bụ ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-ewepụta ike kachasị na mbara igwe, ebe ebe ebe ndị na-adịghị anụnụ anụnụ na igwe ojii na-acha ọcha na-enwetụ ọkụ na-ajụ oyi, na-ewepụ ike kacha nta.]]
 
A na akọwakarị radiation longwave na apụ apụ (OLR) dị ka ike na apụ na mbara ala, ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị na infrared band. N'ozuzu, a na agbanwe ike anyanwụ a na amịpụta n'ụdị dị iche iche nke ike okpomọkụ.    A na ewepụta ụfọdụ n'ime ike a dị ka OLR kpọmkwem na mbara igwe, ebe a na ebute ndị ọzọ site na usoro ihu igwe dị ka radiant na ụdị ndị ọzọ nke ike okpomọkụ.  Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ikuku na apụtaghị ìhè na eme mgbe ebugharị okpomọkụ site na mbara ala (ala na oké osimiri) gaa na ikuku site na evapotranspiration na okpomọkụ zoro ezo ma ọ bụ usoro conduction / convection.  N'ikpeazụ, a na-ewepụta ike niile na apụta n'ụdị radiation longwave laghachi na mbara igwe.

Mbugharị nke OLR site n'elu ụwa site na ikuku ya nwere ọtụtụ okpukpu na agbaso iwu Kirchoff nke radiation okpomọkụ.  Ihe nlereanya nwere otu ọkwa na emepụta nkọwa zuru oke nke OLR nke na enye okpomọkụ n'elu (Ts=288 Kelvin) na n'etiti troposphere (Ta=242 Kelvin) nke dị nso na ọnụọgụ nkezi:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/atmosphericwarming/singlelayermodel.html|title=ACS Climate Science Toolkit - Atmospheric Warming - A Single-Layer Atmosphere Model|publisher=American Chemical Society|accessdate=30 September 2022}}</ref>

: <math> OLR \simeq \epsilon \sigma T_a^4 + (1-\epsilon) \sigma T_s^4.</math>

N'okwu a, σ bụ Stefan-Boltzmann constant na ε na anọchite anya emissivity nke ikuku.  Aerosols, igwe ojii, mmiri na ekpo ọkụ, na gas na ekpuchi okpomọkụ na enye aka na uru dị irè nke ihe dị ka ε=0.78.  Mmetụta okpomọkụ siri ike (ike nke anọ) na eme ka ọ dị nso na nguzozi nke ike na apụta na abata site na obere mgbanwe na okpomọkụ zuru oke nke mbara ala.

=== Ihe ndị na enye okpomọkụ n'ime ụwa na obere mmetụta ndị ọzọ ===
A na eme atụmatụ na okpomọkụ na esi n'ime ụwa na agafe bụ 47 terawatts (TW) ma kewaa ihe dịka n'otu n'etiti okpomọkụ radiogenic na okpompe fọdụrụ site na nhazi ụwa.  Nke a kwekọrọ na nkezi nke 0.087 W / m2 ma na anọchite anya naanị 0.027% nke mmefu ego ike zuru ụwa ọnụ n'elu, na adị obere site na 173,000 TW nke radieshon anyanwụ na abata.

Mmepụta ike nke mmadụ dị ala ọbụna na atụmatụ 160,000 TW-hr maka afọ 2019. Nke a kwekọrọ na nkezi okpomọkụ na aga n'ihu nke ihe dị ka 18 TW.<ref name="owdprime">{{Cite journal|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-primary-energy?country=~OWID_WRL|title=Global Direct Primary Energy Consumption|author=Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser|journal=Our World in Data|year=2020|accessdate=2020-02-09}}</ref>   Otú ọ dị, oriri na eto ngwa ngwa na mmepụta ike na mmanụ ala na emepụta mmụba na gas na ekpo ọkụ, na-eduga na ihe karịrị okpukpu 20 nke enweghị nkwekọ na abata / na apụ apụ nke sitere na radieshon anyanwụ.<ref name="20220112_SciAm">{{Cite web|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/oceans-break-heat-record-for-third-year-in-a-row/|title=Oceans break heat record for third year in a row|author=Chelsea Harvey|date=2022-01-12|publisher=[[Scientific American]]}}</ref>

Photosynthesis nwekwara mmetụta dị ịrịba ama: A na eme atụmatụ 140 TW (ma ọ bụ gburugburu 0.08%) nke ike na eme na photosynthesis, na enye ike na osisi iji mepụta biomass.   A na ewepụta ike okpomọkụ yiri nke ahụ n'ime otu afọ mgbe a na eji osisi eme ihe dị ka nri ma ọ bụ mmanụ.

A na elegharakarị obere isi mmalite nke ike na ngụkọta, gụnyere mmụba nke uzuzu interplanetary na ifufe anyanwụ, ìhè sitere na kpakpando ndị ọzọ na abụghị Anyanwụ na radieshon okpomọkụ sitere na mbara igwe. N'oge gara aga, Joseph Fourier kwuru na radiation dị omimi dị ịrịba ama na akwụkwọ a na ekwukarị dị ka nke mbụ na mmetụta okpomọkụ.