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[back to population statistics]

BRIEF ANALYSIS

A. Total Population

Based on the result of the 2000 Population Census, total population of Indonesia on June, 30, 2000 was 206 264 595 people. It had already covered 2 317 216 people of the estimated population and 2 283 981 people for the non response. It had also included 421 399 people who did not have permanent residence (the homeless, the crew of ships carrying national flag, boat/floating house people, remote located tribesmen and refugees). For the areas where the census could not covered all population, the total number of population for these areas were estimated. Population of conflict areas were estimated, such as Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Central Sulawesi, North Maluku, Maluku, and Papua. In areas, where the incidence of refused to be interviewed occurred or could not be interviewed, housing information could be collected but individual information could not be collected. The information that could not be gathered was regarded as "non response".

As mentioned before population estimates were done in some provinces: Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Central Sulawesi, North Maluku, Maluku, and Papua. Only in three out of thirteen regencies/cities in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam where its population was not estimated : Simeleue Regency, Aceh Tenggara Regency and City of Sabang. Part of the population of nine regencies/cities were estimated, while all population of Pidie Regency was the result of estimation. Population enumeration at Pidie could not be conducted because of the conflict in this area. Population estimates was also done in Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi for Poso Pesisir Sub-district and Poso Kota Sub-district. Population estimates in Maluku was only done for Maluku Tengah Regency and city of Ambon, while in North Maluku, population estimates was done in three regencies, mainly for North Maluku Regency. Population of five regencies/cities in Papua was also estimated, that is in Meraukeu, Yapen Waropen, Biak Numfor regencies and cities of Jayapura and Sorong.

Non-response were found almost in every province, except Jambi and East Java. The summary of total population as the result of the 2000 Population Census was presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Population by Permanent Residence and Non Permanent Residence, 2000

 

Province

Permanent Residence

Non Permanent Residence

Total

Population

Enumerated

Non Response

Estimation

Total

(1)

(2)

(6)

(7)

(5)

(6)

(7)

11 Nanggroe Aceh

Darussalam

1 734 722

173 843

2 020 669

3 929 234

1 671

3 930 905

12 North Sumatera

11 506 808

135 682

11 642 490

7 165

11 649 655

13 West Sumatera

4 241 605

6 912

4 248 517

414

4 248 931

14 Riau

4 755 176

192 795

4 947 971

9 656

4 957 627

15 Jambi

2 407 166

0

2 407 166

6 680

2 413 846

16 South Sumatera

6 857 376

41 681

6 899 057

618

6 899 675

17 Bengkulu

1 562 085

1 719

1 563 804

3 628

1 567 432

18 Lampung

6 649 181

81 570

6 730 751

10 688

6 741 439

19 Kep. Bangka

Belitung

899 095

873

899 968

229

900 197

31 DKI Jakarta

8 347 083

13 996

8 361 079

28 364

8 389 443

32 West Java

35 723 473

619

35 724 092

5 445

35 729 537

33 Central Java

30 924 164

299 095

31 223 259

5 681

31 228 940

34 D.I. Yogyakarta

3 120 478

567

3 121 045

1 223

3 122 268

35 East Java

34 765 998

0

34 765 998

17 642

34 783 640

36 Banten

8 096 809

1 468

8 098 277

503

8 098 780

51 Bali

3 146 999

3 059

3 150 058

1 104

3 151 162

52 West Nusa

Tenggara

3 830 597

178 004

4 008 601

660

4 009 261

53 East Nusa

Tenggara

3 808 477

14 677

3 823 154

129 125

3 952 279

61 West Kalimantan

3 732 950

283 403

4 016 353

17 845

4 034 198

62 Central Kalimantan

1 801 006

54 468

1 855 474

1 526

1 857 000

63 South Kalimantan

2 975 714

8 310

2 984 024

1 216

2 985 240

64 East Kalimantan

2 443 334

8 561

2 451 895

3 225

2 455 120

71 North Sulawesi

1 973 440

27 431

2 000 871

11 227

2 012 098

72 Central Sulawesi

2 012 393

139 234

24 366

2 175 993

42 442

2 218 435

73 South Sulawesi

7 801 678

249 108

8 050 786

8 841

8 059 627

74 South East

Sulawesi

1 776 292

44 086

1 820 378

906

1 821 284

75 Gorontalo

830 184

3 311

833 495

1 549

835 044

81 Maluku

1 149 899

7 111

6 112

1 163 122

42 417

1 205 539

82 North Maluku

669 833

5 655

56 965

732 453

52 606

785 059

94 Papua

1 697 984

306 743

209 104

2 213 831

7 103

2 220 934

INDONESIA

201 241 999

2 283 981

2 317 216

205 843 196

421 399

206 264 595

 

B. Total Population in Some Countries of the World, 1990-2000

With the total population of 206.3 million, Indonesia is the fourth largest population in the world after China, India, and United State of America (Table 2). The next countries with large population after Indonesia are Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan, and Nigeria. In the period of 1961-1980, Indonesia was in the fifth position because in this period Russia was in the third position. Brazil, which was in the sixth position in 1990, was becoming in the fifth position in 2000, Pakistan position in 2000 was also one up higher than that of in 1990, while Nigeria was still in the tenth position.

Table 2. Population in Some Countries, 1990-2000

Number

Country

1990

(000 000)

 

2000

(000 000)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

1.

Republic of China

1.155,3

1.264,5

2.

India

834,7

1.002,1

3.

United State of America

223,1

275,6

4.

Indonesia

179,5

206,3

5.

Brazil

144,7

170,1

6.

Pakistan

112,4

150,6

7.

Rusia

147,9

145,2

8.

Bangladesh

109,8

128,1

9.

Japan

123,5

126,9

10.

Nigeria

96,2

123,3

 

C. Population Growth

The average annual population growth of Indonesia during 1990-2000 period was 1.49 percent. This figure was far lower than the annual population growth for 1980-1990 period, which was 1,97 percent. Two factors contributing to the decreasing of Indonesia population growth were the decreasing of fertility and mortality levels. The effect of

 

Table 3. Indonesian Population and Growth Rate, 1980-2000

 

Province

Population (000)

Population

Growth

1980

1990

2000

1980-1990

1990-2000

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

11 Nanggroe Aceh

Darussalam

2 611

3 416

3 929

2.72

1.46

12 North Sumatera

8 361

10 252

11 642

2.06

1.32

13 West Sumatera

3 407

4 000

4 249

1.62

0.63

14 Riau

2 169

3 279

4 948

4.22

4.35

15 Jambi

1 446

2 018

2 407

3.39

1.84

16 South Sumatera

4 630

5 492

6 899

3.15

2.39

17 Bengkulu

768

1 179

1 564

4.38

2.97

18 Lampung

4 625

6 016

6 731

2.66

1.17

19 Kep. Bangka

Belitung

-

820

900

-

0.97

31 DKI Jakarta

6 503

8 228

8 361

2.38

0.17

32 West Java

27 454

29 414

35 724

2.57

2.03

33 Central Java

25 373

28 516

31 223

1.17

0.94

34 D.I. Yogyakarta

2 751

2 913

3 121

0.57

0.72

35 East Java

29 189

32 488

34 766

1.08

0.70

36 Banten

-

5 968

8 098

-

3.21

51 Bali

2 470

2 777

3 150

1.18

1.31

52 West Nusa

Tenggara

2 725

3 369

4 009

2.14

1.82

53 East Nusa

Tenggara

2 737

3 268

3 823

1.79

1.64

61 West Kalimantan

2 486

3 228

4 016

2.65

2.29

62 Central Kalimantan

954

1 396

1 855

3.88

2.99

63 South Kalimantan

2 065

2 597

2 984

2.32

1.45

64 East Kalimantan

1 218

1 875

2 452

4.41

2.81

71 North Sulawesi

2 115

1 762

2 001

1.60

1.33

72 Central Sulawesi

1 290

1 703

2 176

2.82

2.57

73 South Sulawesi

6 062

6 981

8 051

1.42

1.49

74 South East

Sulawesi

942

1 349

1 820

3.66

3.15

75 Gorontalo

-

716

833

-

1.59

81 Maluku

1 411

1154

1 163

2.76

0.08

82 North Maluku

-

699

732

-

0.48

94 Papua

1 174

1 630

2 214

3.34

3.22

INDONESIA

146 935

178 500

205 843

1.97

1.49

Note: 1) Only population with permanent residence

2) Population growth of South Sumateral in 1980-1990 including Kep. Bangka Belitung, population

growth of West Java in 1980-1990 including Banten, population growth of North Sulawesi in 1980-

1990 including Gorontalo, and population growth of Maluku in 1980-1990 including North Maluku

 

migration on population growth of Indonesia as a whole could be ignored with regard to small number of emigration and immigration and the difference closed to zero.

Variation of the annual population growth was found among provinces in Java. Annual population growth of DKI Jakarta during 1990-2000 period was very low, 0.17 percent. Annual population growth of Central Java, DI Yogyakarta, and East Java had reached lower than 1 percent. However, the annual population growth of DI Yogyakarta increased in a small number from 0.57 percent in the period of 1980-1990 to 0.72 percent in the period of 1990-2000 (Table 3).

In general, annual population growth in almost every province decreased, except for Riau, DI Yogyakarta and Sulawesi Selatan. The annual population growth of Sulawesi Selatan increased from 1.42 percent in 1980-1990 period to 1.49 percent in 1990-2000 period. The highest annual population growth in Java was found in Banten, namely 3.21 percent.

D. Population Distribution

 

Distribution of Indonesia population in the year 2000 was still un even which was the same as condition in 1990. Around 59 percent of total population lived in Java Island, while it was 60 percent in 1990. On the other hand, Maluku and Papua, and Kalimantan Islands which its areas four or five times of Java island inhabitted only around 2 or 5 percent of total population.

From figures presented below, it was clear that Java island was the most densely area in Indonesia. Based on the result of 2000 Population Census, population density of Java island was around 951 people per square kilometres. The most densely province in Java island was DKI Jakarta and West Java. East Java was the province with the lowest population density in Java Island. Population density in Kalimantan Island, Maluku Island and Papua Island was very low, around 20 and 9 people per square kilometres respectively.

 

Table 4. Percentage of Area and Population Density by Province, 1980-2000

Persentase

Kepadatan penduduk

per km2

Persentase penduduk

per propinsi

Propinsi

Luas

terhadap luas

Seluruh

Indonesia

1980

1990

2000

1980

1990

2000

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

11 Nanggroe Aceh

Darussalam

51 937

2,75

50

66

76

1,77

1,91

1,91

12 Sumatera Utara

73 587

3,89

114

139

158

5,67

5,72

5,65

13 Sumatera Barat

42 899

2,27

79

93

99

2,31

2,23

2,06

14 Riau

94 560

5,00

23

35

52

1,47

1,84

2,40

15 Jambi

53 437

2,83

27

38

45

0,98

1,13

1,17

16 Sumatera Selatan

93 083

4,92

50

68

74

3,14

3,52

3,34

17 Bengkulu

19 789

1,05

39

60

79

0,52

0,66

0,76

18 Lampung

35 384

1,87

131

170

191

3,14

3,36

3,27

19 Kep. Bangka

Belitung

16 171

0,86

-

-

56

-

-

0,44

SUMATERA

480 847

25,43

58

76

90

19,00

20,35

21,00

31 DKI Jakarta

664

0,04

9 794

12 439

12635

4,41

4,59

4,07

32 Jawa Barat

34 597

1,83

794

1023

1033

18,61

19,74

17,32

33 Jawa Tengah

32 549

1,72

780

876

959

17,20

15,91

15,14

34 D.I. Yogyakarta

3 186

0,17

863

914

980

1,87

1,62

1,51

35 Jawa Timur

47 922

2,53

609

678

726

19,79

18,12

16,86

36 Banten

8 651

0,46

-

-

936

-

-

3,93

JAWA

127 569

6,75

715

843

951

61,88

59,99

58,83

51 Bali

5 633

0,30

438

493

559

1,67

1,55

1,53

52 Nusa Tenggara

Barat

20 153

1,07

135

167

199

1,85

1,88

1,94

53 Nusa Tenggara

Timur

47 351

2,50

58

69

83

1,86

1,82

1,92

BALI dan

NUSA TENGGARA

73 137

3,87

116

139

152

5,76

5,67

5,39

61 Kalimantan Barat

146 807

7,76

17

22

27

1,68

1,80

1,95

62 Kalimantan Tengah

153 564

8,12

6

9

12

0,65

0,78

0,90

63 Kalimantan Selatan

43 546

2,30

47

60

69

1.40

1.45

1,45

64 Kalimantan Timur

230 277

12,18

5

8

11

0.83

1.05

1,19

KALIMANTAN

574 194

30,37

12

16

20

4.56

5.07

5,49

71 Sulawesi Utara

15 273

0,81

139

162

132

1,43

1,38

0,98

72 Sulawesi Tengah

63 678

3,37

20

27

35

0,87

0,95

1,08

73 Sulawesi Selatan

62 365

3,30

97

112

129

4,11

3,89

3,91

74 Sulawesi Tenggara

38 140

2,02

25

35

48

0,64

0,75

0,88

75 Gorontalo

12 215

0,65

-

-

68

-

-

0,40

SULAWESI

191 671

10,14

54

65

78

7,05

6,98

7,25

81 Maluku

46 975

4,12

30

40

26

0,96

1,03

0,58

82 Maluku Utara

30 895

-

-

-

25

-

-

0,38

94 Papua

365 466

19,33

3

5

6

0,79

0,91

1,08

MALUKU dan

PAPUA

443 336

23,45

6

8

9

1,75

1,94

2,04

INDONESIA

1 890 754

100,00

78

95

109

100,00

100,00

100,00

 

E. Sex Ratio

 

Tabel 5. Population and Sex Ratio, 1980-2000

 

Province

Population (000)

Sex Ratio

2000

1980

1990

2000

L

P

L+P

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

11 Nanggroe Aceh

Darussalam

1 975 434

1 955 471

3 930 905

101.5

101.1

101.0

12 North Sumatera

5 818 855

5 830 800

1 1649 655

100.7

99.8

99.8

13 West Sumatera

2 081 910

2 167 021

4 248 931

95.5

95.9

96.1

14 Riau

2 532 111

2 425 516

4 957 627

104.0

105.2

104.4

15 Jambi

1 231 517

1 182 329

2 413 846

105.7

104.3

104.2

16 South Sumatera

3 466 942

3 432 733

6 899 675

102.0

101.2

101.0

17 Bengkulu

795 972

771 460

1 567 432

103.2

105.6

103.2

18 Lampung

3 472 476

3 268 963

6 741 439

107.3

105.5

106.2

19 Kep. Bangka

Belitung

458 905

441 292

900 197

-

-

104.0

31 DKI Jakarta

4 245 606

4 143 837

8 389 443

102.6

102.0

102.5

32 West Java

18 051 784

17 677 753

35 729 537

96.6

100.5

102.1

33 Central Java

15 555 048

15 673 892

31 228 940

96.2

97.5

99.2

34 D.I. Yogyakarta

1 547 366

1 574 902

3 122 268

95.5

96.7

98.3

35 east Java

17 206 778

17 576 862

34 783 640

97.4

96.0

97.9

36 Banten

4 079 211

4 019 569

8 098 780

-

-

101.5

51 Bali

1 583 552

1 567 610

3 151 162

98.4

99.5

101.0

52 West Nusa

Tenggara

1 944 436

2 064 825

4 009 261

98.3

95.5

94.2

53 East Nusa

Tenggara

1 961 894

1 990 385

3 952 279

99.6

98.3

98.6

61 West Kalimantan

2 063 041

1 971 157

4 034 198

103.5

103.8

104.7

62 Central Kalimantan

959 121

897 879

1 857 000

106.3

106.6

106.8

63 South Kalimantan

1 496 179

1 489 061

2 985 240

94.9

99.6

100.5

64 East Kalimantan

1 284 536

1 170 584

2 455 120

96.9

110.9

109.7

71 North Sulawesi

1 029 916

982 182

2 012 098

102.3

102.7

104.9

72 Central Sulawesi

1 134 763

1 083 672

2 218 435

106.4

105.1

104.7

73 South Sulawesi

3 928 244

4 131 383

8 059 627

94.9

95.5

95.1

74 South East

Sulawesi

913 870

907 414

1 821 284

96.9

99.7

100.7

75 Gorontalo

419 582

415 462

835 044

-

-

101.0

81 Maluku

611 035

594 504

1 205 539

104.4

103.8

102.8

82 North Maluku

401 517

383 542

785 059

-

-

104.7

94 Papua

1 165 579

1 055 355

2 220 934

109.3

110.5

110.4

INDONESIA

103 417 180

102 847 415

206 264 595

98.8

99.4

100.6

Note: Including population without permanenet residence

 

 

Out of 206 264 595 total population Indonesia, 103 417 180 was male population and 102 847 415 was female population. Sex ratio Indonesia population based on the result of 2000 Population Census was 100.6. Most of the province had sex ratio more than 100, indicating a larger proportion of male population compared to female population. Provinces that heve sex ratio more than 100 were : Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, Bengkulu, Lampung, Kepulauan Bangka-Belitung, DKI Jakarta, West Java, Banten, Bali, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, South-East Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Maluku, North Maluku, and Papua.

There were three provinces where their sex ratio had changed compared to 1990: Bali, South Kalimantan, South-East Sulawesi. Sex ratio of Bali changed from 99.5 in 1990 to 101.0 in 2000. For South Kalimantan, sex ratio changed from 99.6 in 1990 to 100.5 in 2000, while in South-East Sulawesi from 99.7 in 1990 to 100.7 in 2000.

F. Households and Average Household Member

Based on the result of 2000 Population Census, the total households were 52 008 308. It increased around 32 percent for last ten years. However, annual growth of household increased from 2.71 percent in 1980-1990 periode to 2.87 percent in 1990-2000 period. Annual growth of household was higher than the annual growth of population. This phenomenon occurred probably because of the shifting of family formation in Indonesia from extended family to nuclear family.

Table 6. Household and Average Household Member, 1980-2000

Propinsi

Households

Average Household

Members

1990

2000

Household

Growth Rate

1990

2000

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

11 Nanggroe Aceh

Darussalam

696 866

921 888

2.94

4.9

4.3

12 North Sumatera

2 022 805

2 609 793

2.67

5.1

4.5

13 West Sumatera

867 880

1 020 354

1.69

4.6

4.2

14 Riau

678 583

1 202 466

6.10

4.8

4.1

15 Jambi

438 355

594 324

3.20

4.6

4.1

16 South Sumatera

1 099 597

1 495 255

3.23

5.0

4.6

17 Bengkulu

251 655

358 498

3.73

4.7

4.4

18 Lampung

1 251 411

1 633 402

2.79

4.8

4.1

19 Kep. Bangka

Belitung

166 205

214 229

2.66

4.9

4.2

31 DKI Jakarta

1 740 214

2 232 077

2.61

4.7

3.8

32 West Java

6 938 222

9 560 670

3.37

4.2

3.7

33 Central Java

6 413 515

7 900 341

2.18

4.4

4.0

34 D.I. Yogyakarta

729 393

923 410

2.47

4.0

3.4

35 East Java

7 845 108

9 499 756

2.00

4.1

3.7

36 Banten

1 242 253

2 001 812

5.06

4.8

4.1

51 Bali

600 616

799 799

3.01

4.6

3.9

52 West Nusa

Tenggara

767 467

1 032 350

3.11

4.4

3.9

53 East Nusa

Tenggara

619 390

793 737

2.60

5.3

4.8

61 West Kalimantan

640 450

901 285

3.60

5.0

4.5

62 Central Kalimantan

305 797

482 068

4.82

4.6

3.9

63 South Kalimantan

597 178

785 239

2.87

4.3

3.8

64 East Kalimantan

398849

613 124

4.55

4.7

4.0

71 North Sulawesi

399 104

544 745

3.27

4.4

3.7

72 Central Sulawesi

346 582

503 543

3.94

4.9

4.3

73 South Sulawesi

1 399 094

1 816 394

2.74

5.0

4.4

74 South East

Sulawesi

262 966

409 327

4.68

5.1

4.5

75 Gorontalo

14 9716

214 277

3.78

4.8

3.9

81 Maluku

220 856

242 737

0.98

5.2

4.8

82 North Maluku

122 817

149 057

2.02

5.7

4.9

94 Papua

333 467

552 351

5.36

4.9

4.0

INDONESIA

3 954 6411

52 008 308

2.87

4.5

3.9

 

 

 

 

 

G. Population by Age Group

Table 7. Population by Age Group and Sex

Age Group

Male

Female

Male+Female

Total

Percentage

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

0-4

10 295 701

10 006 675

20 302 376

10.09

5-9

10 433 865

10 060 226

20 494 091

10.18

10-14

10 460 908

9 992 824

20 453 732

10.16

15-19

10 649 348

10 500 169

21 149 517

10.51

20-24

9 237 464

10 020 637

19 258 101

9.57

25-29

9 130 504

9 510 433

18 640 937

9.26

30-34

8 204 302

8 195 418

16 399 720

8.15

35-39

7 432 840

7 471 386

14 904 226

7.41

40-44

6 433 438

6 034 410

12 467 848

6.20

45-49

5 087 252

4 568 753

9 656 005

4.80

50-54

3 791 185

3 593 783

7 384 968

3.67

55-59

2 883 226

2 795 438

5 678 664

2.82

60-64

2 597 076

2 723 943

5 321 019

2.64

65-69

1 666 191

1 898 735

3 564 926

1.77

70-74

1 368 190

1 468 847

2 837 037

1.41

75+

1 257 526

1 459 459

2 716 985

1.35

TT

5 946

5 901

11 847

0.01

Jumlah

100 934 962

100 307 037

201 241 999

100.00

Note: Only enumerated population with permanent residence

Based on the data of population by age structure, it was clear that Indonesia population was a young population. The proportion of population aged 0 -14 was still quite large, around 30.43 percent and proportion population aged 65 and over was around 4.54 percent. This pattern was the same as in 1980 and 1990. However, there was an indication that the proportion of young population decreased over time, while the proportion old population increased.

H. Urban Population

Trend of urban population in Indonesia and in all provices had been increasing. In 2000, the percentage of urban population reached 42 percent. The increasing population live in urban areas reflected the urbanization process.

Table 8. Percentage of Urban Population, 1980-2000

Province

Percentage of

Urban Population

Province

Percentage of

Urban Population

1980

1990

2000

1980

1990

2000

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

11 Nanggroe Aceh

Darussalam

8.9

10.8

23.6

52 West Nusa

Tenggara

14.1

17.1

34.8

12 North Sumatera

25.5

35.5

42.4

53 East Nusa

Tenggara

7.5

11.4

15.9

13 West Sumatera

12.7

20.2

29.0

61 West Kalimantan

16.8

20.0

25.1

14 Riau

27.2

31.7

43.7

62 Central Kalimantan

10.3

17.6

27.5

15 Jambi

12.7

21.4

28.3

63 South Kalimantan

21.4

27.1

36.3

16 South Sumatera

27.4

29.3

34.4

64 East Kalimantan

40.0

48.8

57.6

17 Bengkulu

9.4

20.4

29.4

71 North Sulawesi

16.8

22.8

37.0

18 Lampung

12.5

12.4

21.0

72 Central Sulawesi

9.0

16.4

19.7

19 Kep. Bangka Belitung

-

-

43.0

73 South Sulawesi

18.1

24.5

29.4

31 DKI Jakarta

93.7

100.0

100.0

74 South East

Sulawesi

9.4

17.0

20.8

32 West Java

21.0

34.5

50.3

75 Gorontalo

-

25.5

33 Central Java

18.7

27.0

40.4

81 Maluku

10.9

19.1

25.9

34 D.I. Yogyakarta

22.1

44.4

57.7

82 North Maluku

29.5

35 East Java

19.6

27.5

40.9

91 Papua

21.4

24.1

22.2

36 Banten

-

-

52.2

51 Bali

14.7

26.4

49.8

I N D O N E S I A

22.3

30.9

42.0