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Abductive Inference in Reasoning and Perception
What is Abduction?
What I call Abduction or Inference to the Best Explanation is
a form of inference that follows a pattern like this:
D is a collection of data (facts, observations, givens),
H explains D (would, if true, explain D),
No other hypothesis explains D as well as H does.
--------------------------------------------------------
Therefore, H is probably correct.
The strength of an abductive conclusion will in general depend on
several factors, including:
- how good H is by itself, independently of considering the
alternatives,
- how decseively H surpasses the alternatives,
- how thorough the search was for alternative explanations, and
- pragmatic considerations, including
- the costs of being wrong and the benefits of being right,
- how strong the need is to come to a conclusion at all, especially considering the possibility of seeking further evidence before deciding.
When I say that the strength of abductive conclusion ``will in
general'' depend on these factors I mean that it should depend on
these factors, and that insofar as we are intelligent creatures, our
conclusions will actually depend on these factors.
John Josephson
LAIR uses the abductive inference reasoning paradigm in studying problems in engineering, medical diagnostics, speech recognition and perception. Abductive Inference describes this work in detail.
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Original: 10/01/94
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