The epoch-making migration of the nascent Muslim group under the leadership of Prophet Muhammad from Makkah to Madinah in the 6th century has not only been extensively discussed but well documented by Muslim historians and scholars of Islam to denote its significance in the evolutionary process of the Islamic faith. Many of these scholarly efforts are devoted to teach practical lessons of life to Muslims with little or no cognizance given to its place as a veritable template for State formation. Yathrib an obscured city in the southern part of hijaz emerged not just as a state of founders and settlers but the religiopolitical capital of Islam upon the entrance of the Prophet in 622 C:E. Madinah as the new name of the city became the launching pad for the expansion of the creed as it contends with earlier creeds and civilization in the adjoining Arabian/ Persian sub-continent. An examination of leadership vacuum, migration, tribal affiliation, warfare, superior balance of power and other factors which aided the formation of the state of Madinah as well as the dynamics of state building in the immediate period of formation is the core of this paper. The moral imperatives are also examined as precept for modern theories of state formation.

This paper aims to emphasize the influence that "Classic" Islamic Thought had on the contemporary European-Islamic one regarding the conceptualization and action of emigration (hijra-hajara) through the geographical and juridical redefinition of the Old Continent as a new "house" (dar/bayt) in hosting a Muslim population. The analysis should also be considered in relation to the sectarian and violent phase which followed the peaceful one of the so-called "Arab Spring" and the current deflagration of part of the Middle East. During the proto-Islamic historical phase, the term muhajirun was adopted to define those who made the hijra, referring to the prophet Muhammad's followers in 622. They aimed to live according to religious behaviour and started to be different from their polytheist society of origin; the same term was also used to categorize those who partially populated the new conquered territories in the following decades: Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Iranian plateau, etc., and who decided to take root and become in-urbanized. The contemporary juridical, political, and religious perception, before and after 2011, started to consider a different "emigration" perspective, which, not so differently from the original hijra conceptualization, is rooted in abandoning a land of warlike and sectarian violence to reach a geography where individual religious affiliation can be safeguarded.

Hijrah, or, the emigration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in the early episode of Islam marks the beginnings of Islamic Political Thought. Moreover, the hijrah is arguably one of the most significant events in the early Islamic history. By significance, this event shaped the first Muslim community (umma), which was both politically and religiously led by Muhammad himself. As a result, the religion of Islam became more centralised and unified. Furthermore, the exodus transformed the Muslim community politically, socially and economically. Therefore, this essay will examine the role of the hijrah in the prophetic mission; furthermore, it will critically examine the political implications and repercussions of the hijrah in assisting the mission. In addition, the findings will be supplemented with a study of the division of territories, and recent debates surrounding the hijrah politics, and its relevance.

The third century Hijri was a period of excessive academic achievement in the history of Muslim historiography. During this period historical study reached a stage which led to the appearance of the great historians of that time. One of the earliest historians of this phase was Ahmed bin Yahya Baladhuri (d. 279A.H). His most celebrated and significant writing is Kitab Futuh al-Buldan (The Conquest of the Countries) which deals with the early Muslim Conquest and expansion. This book presents the episodic and personal character of early Islamic historiography. This article deals with the historiographical traditions adopted by Baladhuri and explains the differences between his writing and his contemporaries' and also discusses his contributions in the development of Muslim historiographical traditions.

'Theology and Society' is the most comprehensive study of Islamic intellectual and religious history, focusing on Muslim theology. With its emphasis on the eighth and ninth centuries CE, it remains the most detailed prosopographical study of the early phase of the formation of Islam. Originally published in German between 1991 and 1995, Theology and Society is a monument of scholarship and a unique scholarly enterprise which has stood the test of time as an unparalleled reference work.