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System Architecture of a Body Area Network and Its Web Service Based Data Publishing
Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a research hotspot in recent years and has yielded many fruitful results. However, the biomedical
applications of WSN haven’t received significant development due to its many unique challenges for the engineers and physicians.
In this paper, a system architecture solution of body area network (BAN), our so called project “MediMesh”, is presented.
A biomedical dedicated BAN node hardware platform is devised to fit the medical monitoring application. The sensor node is
built up especially for healthcare monitoring while the biocompatibility and portability are considered. A light weight network
protocol is designed considering the radiation effect and communication overhead. After data acquisition from sink stations,
a data publishing system based on web service technology is implemented for typical hospital environment. The publishing of
biomedical data is realized through 3 phases: first storing the data automatically in a database, then creating information
sharing service by using Web Service technology, and finally allowing data access by the physicians and end users.
... However, the UWB physical layer specified by the IEEE 802.15.4a standard offers more important data rates than supported by physical layers of actual Zigbee or Bluetooth devices. Where only references [11, 12] are interested in hospital system design, where authors have proposed flat tree BSNs architecture with three levels for hospital environment based on IEEE 802.15.4 sensors. ...
The Utra Wide Band physical layer specified by the IEEE 802.15.4a standard [1] presents numerous advantages comparing with its original IEEE 802.15.4 standard, namely high accuracy positioning ability, high data rate up to 27 mbps, extended communication range, low power consumption and low complexity. Actually, many research and development activities focus on the design of UWB sensor nodes entities. However nodes interactions or network configuration are neglected. For that, we propose in this paper to investigate the use of UWB for large scale Wireless Hospital Sensor Networks (WHSNs) to benefit from the advantages offered by the UWB technology. This evolving networking paradigm promises to revolutionize healthcare by allowing inexpensive, non-invasive, pervasive and ubiquitous, ambulatory health monitoring. We present the design of new system architecture, based on IEEE 802.15.4a compliant sensors, suitable for health monitoring application in high dense hospital environment. The proposed system architecture is intended to support large-scale deployment and to improve the network performance in terms of energy efficiency, real-time guarantees and Quality-of-Service (QoS).
We present nesC, a programming language for networked embedded systems that represent a new design space for application developers. An example of a networked embedded system is a sensor network, which consists of (potentially) thousands of tiny, low-power "motes," each of which execute concurrent, reactive programs that must operate with severe memory and power constraints. nesC's contribution is to support the special needs of this domain by exposing a programming model that incorporates event-driven execution, a flexible concurrency model, and component-oriented application design. Restrictions on the programming model allow the nesC compiler to perform whole-program analyses, including data-race detection (which improves reliability) and aggressive function inlining (which reduces resource consumption). nesC has been used to implement TinyOS, a small operating system for sensor networks, as well as several significant sensor applications. nesC and TinyOS have been adopted by a large number of sensor network research groups, and our experience and evaluation of the language shows that it is effective at supporting the complex, concurrent programming style demanded by this new class of deeply networked systems.
We present nesC, a programming language for networked embedded systems that represent a new design space for application developers. An example of a networked embedded system is a sensor network, which consists of (potentially) thousands of tiny, low-power "motes," each of which execute concurrent, reactive programs that must operate with severe memory and power constraints.nesC's contribution is to support the special needs of this domain by exposing a programming model that incorporates event-driven execution, a flexible concurrency model, and component-oriented application design. Restrictions on the programming model allow the nesC compiler to perform whole-program analyses, including data-race detection (which improves reliability) and aggressive function inlining (which reduces resource consumption).nesC has been used to implement TinyOS, a small operating system for sensor networks, as well as several significant sensor applications. nesC and TinyOS have been adopted by a large number of sensor network research groups, and our experience and evaluation of the language shows that it is effective at supporting the complex, concurrent programming style demanded by this new class of deeply networked systems.
This paper describes a knowledge-based Web Service composition system, called SWIM, which is based on the Service Domain model. Service Domains are communities of related Web Services that are mediated by a single Web Service, called the Mediator Service, which functions as a proxy for them. When a requestor sends a message to the Mediator Service one or more of the related Web Services are selected to dispatch the message and the results returned are aggregated to a single answer to the requestor. Mediator Services can be further composed to more complex Mediator Services that combine several selection and aggregation algorithms among many heterogeneous web services. The system utilizes the X-DEVICE deductive XML rule language for defining complex algorithms for selecting registered web services, combining the results, and synchronizing the workflow of information among the combined web services in a declarative way. In the paper, we demonstrate the flexibility and expressibility of our approach for composing Web Services using several e-business examples, covering most of the workflow patterns found in a comprehensive workflow management system (2).
Service composition is gaining momentum as the potential silver bullet for the envisioned Semantic Web. It purports to take the Web to unexplored efficiencies and provide a flexible approach for promoting all types of activities in tomorrow’s Web. Applications expected to heavily take advantage of Web service composition include B2B E-commerce and E-government. To date, enabling composite services has largely been an ad hoc, time-consuming, and error-prone process involving repetitive low-level programming. In this paper, we propose an ontology-based framework for the automatic composition of Web services. We present a technique to generate composite services from high-level declarative descriptions. We define formal safeguards for meaningful composition through the use of composability rules. These rules compare the syntactic and semantic features of Web services to determine whether two services are composable. We provide an implementation using an E-government application offering customized services to indigent citizens. Finally, we present an exhaustive performance experiment to assess the scalability of our approach.
Sensor devices integrating embedded processors, low-power, low-bandwidth radios, and a modest amount of storage have the potential to enhance emergency medical care. Wearable vital sign sensors can track patient status and location, while simultaneously operating as active tags. We introduce CodeBlue, a wireless infrastructure intended for deployment in emergency medical care, integrating low-power, wireless vital sign sensors, PDAs, and PC-class systems. CodeBlue will enhance first responders’ ability to assess patients on scene, ensure seamless transfer of data among caregivers, and facilitate efficient allocation of hospital resources. Intended to scale to very dense networks with thousands of devices and extremely volatile network conditions, this infrastructure will support reliable, ad hoc data delivery, a flexible naming and discovery scheme, and a decentralized security model. This paper introduces our architecture and highlights research challenges being addressed by the CodeBlue development effort. Engineering and Applied Sciences
We present Telos, an ultra low power wireless sensor module ("mote") for research and experimentation. Telos is the latest in a line of motes developed by UC Berkeley to enable wireless sensor network (WSN) research. It is a new mote design built from scratch based on experiences with previous mote generations. Telos' new design consists of three major goals to enable experimentation: minimal power consumption, easy to use, and increased software and hardware robustness. We discuss how hardware components are selected and integrated in order to achieve these goals. Using a Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller, Chipcon IEEE 802.15.4-compliant radio, and USB, Telos' power profile is almost one-tenth the consumption of previous mote platforms while providing greater performance and throughput. It eliminates programming and support boards, while enabling experimentation with WSNs in both lab, testbed, and deployment settings.
The advancement in wireless communications and electronics has enabled the development of low-cost sensor networks. The sensor networks can be used for various application areas (e.g., health, military, home). For different application areas, there are different technical issues that researchers are currently resolving. The current state of the art of sensor networks is captured in this article, where solutions are discussed under their related protocol stack layer sections. This article also points out the open research issues and intends to spark new interests and developments in this field.
The Smart Dust project is probing microfabrication technology's
limitations to determine whether an autonomous sensing, computing, and
communication system can be packed into a cubic millimeter mote (a small
particle or speck) to form the basis of integrated, massively
distributed sensor networks. Although we've chosen a somewhat arbitrary
size for our sensor systems, exploring microfabrication technology's
limitations is our fundamental goal. Because of its discrete size,
substantial functionality, connectivity, and anticipated low cost, Smart
Dust will facilitate innovative methods of interacting with the
environment, providing more information from more places less
intrusively
Because they provide practical machine-to-machine communication at a very low cost, the popularity of wireless sensor networks is expected to skyrocket in the next few years, duplicating the recent explosion of wireless LANs. Wireless Sensor Networks: Architectures and Protocols describes how to build these networks, from the layers of the communication protocol through the design of network nodes. This overview summarizes the multiple applications of wireless sensor networks, then discusses network device design and the requirements that foster the successful performance of these applications. The book discusses factors affecting network design, including the partitioning of node functions into integrated circuits, low power system design, power sources, and the interaction between antenna selection and product design. It presents design techniques that improve electromagnetic compatibility and reduce damage from electrostatic discharge. The text also describes the design features of the wireless devices themselves, presenting a thorough analysis of the technology that engineers and students need to design and build the many future applications that will incorporate wireless sensor networks.
Low-power integration of sensing, communication, and computation requires a new approach to wireless design. Flexible interfaces and primitive accelerators enable aggressive system-level optimizations. Mica's flexible design serves as a building block for creating efficient application-specific protocols. Instead of defining narrow, standardized application interfaces, Mica provides a set of richly interconnected primitives (such as data serializers and timing extractors) to facilitate cross-layer optimizations. To explore novel systems approaches, researchers can develop customized protocols tailored to their application; Mica does not require use of predefined protocols.
Design of low-cost, miniature, lightweight, ultra low-power, flexible sensor platform capable of customization and seamless integration into a wireless biomedical sensor network(WBSN) for health monitoring applications presents one of the most challenging tasks. In this paper, we propose a WBSN node platform featuring an ultra low-power microcontroller, an IEEE 802.15.4 compatible transceiver, and a flexible expansion connector. The proposed solution promises a cost-effective, flexible platform that allows easy customization, energy-efficient computation and communication. The development of a common platform for multiple physical sensors will increase reuse and alleviate costs of transition to a new generation of sensors. As a case study, we present an implementation of an ECG (Electrocardiogram) sensor.
The monitoring and acquisition of patients' physiological information are quite crucial for the further treatment. Wireless network of biomedical sensors shows great potential to significantly enhance the biometrics performance. Meanwhile, it poses prominent characteristics and challenges to medicos and engineers for its particular medical application compare to other application of wireless sensor networks (WSN). This paper first investigates the exciting conceivable application of WSN in medical area. Then the unique challenges and requirements are analyzed in detail. Along with the further study of the logical architecture and network protocols, preliminary solutions are proposed for the WBSN in a hospital environment.
This work describes the efforts of various companies to take advantage of wireless technology to develop devices that would allow remote monitoring of older people. The focus is on developing electronic devices to handle cognitive decline, cancer, cardiovascular and other aging-related diseases. The aim is to deduce the actions of older people in their homes through a network of wireless sensors and use that information to help patients comply with doctors' orders, enable remote caregiving by family and friends, and detect early signs of disease and prevent its progression.
Chipcon figure 8 wireless merger to provide ultimate ZigBee solution
- Anon
Anon.: Chipcon figure 8 wireless merger to provide ultimate ZigBee solution. Microwave Journal, vol. 48, no. 3. (Mar.2005) 14. IEEE StandardPart 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) (2004)
The Future of e-Health Wired or not Wired
- M Miyazaki
M. Miyazaki.: The Future of e-Health Wired or not Wired. Science of Computer Pro-gramming (2003)
