List of National Wildlife Refuges

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As of 2022, there are 588 National Wildlife Refuges in the United States,[1] with the addition of the Green River National Wildlife Refuge.[2] Refuges that have boundaries in multiple states are listed only in the state where the main visitor entrance is located. The newest refuge replaces the Cherry Valley National Wildlife Refuge in Pennsylvania.[3][4] Refuges are listed regardless of whether or not they are open to the public, which many are not.

The United States is divided into eight regions for administrative purposes:

  • Alaska Region (Region 7)


AL | AK | AS | AZ | AR | CA | CO | CT | DE | DC | FL | GA | GU | HI | ID | IL | IN | IA | KS | KY | LA | ME | MD | MA | MI | MN | MS | MO | MT | NE | NV | NH | NJ | NM | NY | NC | ND | MP | OH | OK | OR | PA | PR | RI | SC | SD | TN | TX | UM | UT | VT | VI | VA | WA | WV | WI | WY

Alabama[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge[5] Baldwin County 1980 6,816 acres (27.58 km2)
Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge Bibb County September 25, 2002 2,997 acres (12.13 km2)[6]
Choctaw National Wildlife Refuge Choctaw County 1964 4,218 acres (17.07 km2)
Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge Barbour County, Alabama
Stewart County, Georgia
1964 11,184 acres (45.26 km2)[7]
Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge Jackson County 1981 199 acres (0.81 km2)
Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge Lauderdale County January 3, 1997 1,060 acres (4.3 km2)[8]
Mountain Longleaf National Wildlife Refuge Calhoun County May 29, 2003 9,016 acres (36.49 km2)
Sauta Cave National Wildlife Refuge Jackson County 1978 264 acres (1.07 km2)
Watercress Darter National Wildlife Refuge Jefferson County 1980 24 acres (0.097 km2)
Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge Morgan County, Limestone County, and
Madison County
1938 35,000 acres (140 km2)[9]

Alaska[edit]

Map of National Wildlife Refuges of Alaska
Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Alaska December 2, 1980[10] 3,421,420 acres (13,846.0 km2)
Alaska Peninsula National Wildlife Refuge Alaska December 2, 1980 3,574,259 acres (14,464.51 km2)
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Alaska December 6, 1960[11] 19,287,042 acres (78,051.89 km2)
Becharof National Wildlife Refuge Alaska December 2, 1980[12] 1,200,419.52 acres (4,857.9254 km2)
Innoko National Wildlife Refuge Alaska December 2, 1980[13] 3,850,800.94 acres (15,583.6385 km2)
Izembek National Wildlife Refuge Alaska December 2, 1980[14] 315,000 acres (1,270 km2)
Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge Alaska December 2, 1980[15] 1,637,000 acres (6,620 km2)
Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Alaska December 2, 1980[15] 1,912,470.47 acres (7,739.4934 km2)[16]
Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge Alaska August 19, 1941[17] 1,880,891.52 acres (7,611.6979 km2)[16]
Koyukuk National Wildlife Refuge Alaska 1980 3,550,159.96 acres (14,366.9876 km2)[16]
Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge Alaska 1980 1,560,239.99 acres (6,314.0672 km2)[16]
Selawik National Wildlife Refuge Alaska December 2, 1980 2,150,561.94 acres (8,703.0154 km2)[16]
Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge Alaska December 2, 1980 700,286.95 acres (2,833.9607 km2)[16]
Togiak National Wildlife Refuge Alaska December 2, 1980 4,104,246.80 acres (16,609.2975 km2)[16]
Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge Alaska December 2, 1980 19,226,606.25 acres (77,807.3150 km2)[16]
Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge Alaska December 2, 1980 8,636,951.06 acres (34,952.5009 km2)[16]

American Samoa[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Rose Atoll 1973 39,066 acres (158.09 km2)[18]

Arizona[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge La Paz and Mojave Counties 1993[19] 6,105 acres (24.71 km2)
Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge Pima County 1985 117,107 acres (473.92 km2)
Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge Yuma County 1939 860,010 acres (3,480.3 km2)
Cibola National Wildlife Refuge LaPaz County, Arizona
Imperial County, California
1964 16,627 acres (67.29 km2)
Havasu National Wildlife Refuge Mojave County, Arizona
San Bernardino County, California
1941 37,515 acres (151.82 km2)
Imperial National Wildlife Refuge LaPaz and Yuma Counties, Arizona
Imperial County, California
1941 25,768 acres (104.28 km2)[20]
Kofa National Wildlife Refuge Yuma and LaPaz Counties 1939 665,400 acres (2,693 km2)
Leslie Canyon National Wildlife Refuge Cochise County 1988 2,770 acres (11.2 km2)
San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge Cochise County 1982 2,309 acres (9.34 km2)

Arkansas[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Bald Knob National Wildlife Refuge White County 1993 15,022 acres (60.79 km2)[21]
Big Lake National Wildlife Refuge Mississippi County 1915 11,038 acres (44.67 km2)[22]
Cache River National Wildlife Refuge Woodruff County and several others 1986 67,500 acres (273 km2)[23]
Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge Union, Ashley, and Bradley Counties 1970 64,902 acres (262.65 km2)
Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge Pope and Yell Counties 1957 7,057 acres (28.56 km2)[24]
Logan Cave National Wildlife Refuge Benton County March 14, 1989 123 acres (0.50 km2)[25]
Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Ashley County 1980 13,973 acres (56.55 km2)[26]
Pond Creek National Wildlife Refuge Sevier County 1994 27,300 acres (110 km2)
Wapanocca National Wildlife Refuge Crittenden County January 1961 5,484 acres (22.19 km2)
White River National Wildlife Refuge Monroe County and several others 1935 160,756 acres (650.56 km2)

California[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge Contra Costa County 1980 55 acres (0.22 km2)[27]
Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge Kern County 1985 14,097 acres (57.05 km2)[28]
Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge Tulare County 1982 897 acres (3.63 km2)[29]
Butte Sink Wildlife Management Area Butte/Colusa/Sutter Counties 1980 11,044 acres (44.69 km2)[30]
Castle Rock National Wildlife Refuge Del Norte County 1979 14 acres (0.057 km2)[31]
Clear Lake National Wildlife Refuge Modoc County 1911 46,460 acres (188.0 km2)[32]
Coachella Valley National Wildlife Refuge Riverside County 1985 3,709 acres (15.01 km2)[33]
Colusa National Wildlife Refuge Colusa County 1945 4,507 acres (18.24 km2)[34]
Delevan National Wildlife Refuge Colusa County 1962 5,797 acres (23.46 km2)[35]
Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Alameda/Santa Clara/San Mateo Counties 1974 30,000 acres (120 km2)[36]
Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge Santa Cruz County 1975 168 acres (0.68 km2)[37]
Farallon National Wildlife Refuge Farallon Islands, near San Francisco 1969 41.9 acres (0.170 km2)[38]
Grasslands Wildlife Management Area Merced County 1979 70,000 acres (280 km2)[39]
Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge Santa Barbara/San Luis Obispo Counties 2000 2,553 acres (10.33 km2)[40]
Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Ventura County 1974 2,471 acres (10.00 km2)[41]
Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge
*Lanphere Dunes
Humboldt County 1971 4,000 acres (16 km2)[42]
Kern National Wildlife Refuge Kern County 1960 1,249 acres (5.05 km2)[43]
Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Siskiyou County
also in Klamath County, Oregon
1908 50,913 acres (206.04 km2)[44]
Marin Islands National Wildlife Refuge Marin County 1992[45] -
Merced National Wildlife Refuge Merced County 1951 10,262 acres (41.53 km2)[46]
Modoc National Wildlife Refuge Modoc County 1961 7,000 acres (28 km2)[47]
North Central Valley Wildlife Management Area Sacramento Valley 1991 46,460 acres (188.0 km2)[48]
Pixley National Wildlife Refuge Tulare County 1959 6,939 acres (28.08 km2)[49]
Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Colusa/Glenn Counties 1937 10,819 acres (43.78 km2)[50]
Sacramento River National Wildlife Refuge Butte/Glenn/Tehama Counties 1989 10,146 acres (41.06 km2)[51]
Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge Monterey County 1974 316 acres (1.28 km2)[52]
San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge San Diego County 1999 2,620 acres (10.6 km2)[53]
San Diego National Wildlife Refuge San Diego County - 11,152 acres (45.13 km2)[54]
San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge San Joaquin/Stanislaus Counties 1987 7,000 acres (28 km2)[55]
San Luis National Wildlife Refuge Merced County 1966 26,600 acres (108 km2)[56]
San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge Napa/Solano/Sonoma Counties 1970 13,190 acres (53.4 km2)[57]
Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Orange County 1972 911 acres (3.69 km2)[58]
Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge Imperial County 1930 2,200 acres (8.9 km2)[59]
Stone Lakes National Wildlife Refuge Sacramento County 1994 17,641 acres (71.39 km2)[60]
Sutter National Wildlife Refuge Sutter County 1945 2,591 acres (10.49 km2)[61]
Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge San Diego County 1980 2,521 acres (10.20 km2)[62]
Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Modoc/Siskiyou Counties 1928 39,116 acres (158.30 km2)[63]
Willow Creek-Lurline Wildlife Management Area Colusa/Glenn Counties 1985 5,795 acres (23.45 km2)[64]

Colorado[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge Alamosa, Conejos and Costilla Counties 1993 11,169 acres (45.20 km2)[65]
Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge Jackson County 1967 23,464 acres (94.96 km2)[66]
Baca National Wildlife Refuge Saguache and Alamosa Counties 2003 78,697 acres (318.48 km2)
Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge Moffat County 1965 12,150 acres (49.2 km2)[67]
Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge Alamosa and Rio Grande Counties 1953 14,800 acres (60 km2)[67]
Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge Jefferson County July 12, 2007 3,953 acres (16.00 km2)
Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Adams County 1992 15,988 acres (64.70 km2)
Two Ponds National Wildlife Refuge Jefferson County 1992 72.2 acres (0.292 km2)

Connecticut[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge Connecticut 1972 950 acres (3.8 km2)[68]

Delaware[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge Kent County 1937 16,251 acres (65.77 km2)[69]
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Sussex County 1963 10,144 acres (41.05 km2)[70]

District of Columbia[edit]

  • None

Florida[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge Brevard County
Indian River County
1991 900 acres (3.6 km2)[71]
Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge Palm Beach County 1951 147,392 acres (596.47 km2)[72]
Caloosahatchee National Wildlife Refuge Lee County 1921 40 acres (0.16 km2)[73]
Cedar Keys National Wildlife Refuge Levy County 1929 891 acres (3.61 km2)[74]
Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge Citrus County
Hernando County
1941 31,000 acres (130 km2)[75]
Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge Monroe County 1980 6,686 acres (27.06 km2)[76]
Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge Citrus County 1983 80 acres (0.32 km2)[77]
Egmont Key National Wildlife Refuge Hillsborough County 1974 450 acres (1.8 km2)[78]
Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge and Conservation Area Hardee County
Highlands County
Polk County
1991 900 acres (3.6 km2)[79]
Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge Collier County 1989 26,400 acres (107 km2)[80]
Great White Heron National Wildlife Refuge Monroe County 1938 130,187 acres (526.85 km2)[81]
Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge Martin County 1969 1,035 acres (4.19 km2)[82]
Island Bay National Wildlife Refuge Charlotte County 1908 20 acres (0.081 km2)[83]
J.N. 'Ding' Darling National Wildlife Refuge Lee County 1976 5,200 acres (21 km2)[84]
Key Deer National Wildlife Refuge Monroe County 1957 8,542 acres (34.57 km2)[85]
Key West National Wildlife Refuge Monroe County 1908 189,497 acres (766.87 km2)[86]
Lake Wales Ridge National Wildlife Refuge Highlands County
Polk County
1990 1,194 acres (4.83 km2)[87]
Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge Lake County
Volusia County
1964 21,574 acres (87.31 km2)[88]
Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge Dixie County
Levy County
1979 53,000 acres (210 km2)[89]
Matlacha Pass National Wildlife Refuge Lee County 1908 538 acres (2.18 km2)[90]
Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge Brevard County 1963 140,000 acres (570 km2)[91]
Passage Key National Wildlife Refuge Manatee County 1905 64 acres (0.26 km2)[92]
Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge Indian River County 1903-First National Wildlife Refuge in U.S. 5,376 acres (21.76 km2)[93]
Pine Island National Wildlife Refuge Lee County 1908 601 acres (2.43 km2)[94]
Pinellas National Wildlife Refuge Pinellas County 1951 394 acres (1.59 km2)[95]
St. Johns National Wildlife Refuge Brevard County 1971 6,255 acres (25.31 km2)[96]
St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge Jefferson County
Taylor County
Wakulla County
1931 68,000 acres (280 km2)[97]
St. Vincent National Wildlife Refuge Franklin County
Gulf County
1968 12,490 acres (50.5 km2)[98]
Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge Collier County
Monroe County
1996 35,000 acres (140 km2)[99]

Georgia[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Banks Lake National Wildlife Refuge Lanier County 1985 4,049 acres (16.39 km2)[100]
Blackbeard Island National Wildlife Refuge* McIntosh County 1924 5,618 acres (22.74 km2)[101]
Bond Swamp National Wildlife Refuge Bibb County
Twiggs County
1989 6,500 acres (26 km2)[102]
Harris Neck National Wildlife Refuge* McIntosh County 1962 2,762 acres (11.18 km2)[103]
Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge Primarily in Charlton and Ware Counties, Georgia
and Baker County, Florida
1937 402,000 acres (1,630 km2)[104]
Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge Jasper County
Jones County
1939 35,000 acres (140 km2)[105]
Savannah National Wildlife Refuge* Chatham and Effingham Counties, Georgia
and Jasper County, South Carolina
1927 29,175 acres (118.07 km2)[106]
Wassaw National Wildlife Refuge* Chatham County 1969 10,053 acres (40.68 km2)[107]
Wolf Island National Wildlife Refuge* McIntosh County 1930 5,126 acres (20.74 km2)[108]

Guam[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Guam National Wildlife Refuge Guam 1993 1,203 acres (4.87 km2)[109]

Hawaii[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Island of Hawaiʻi 1985 38,047 acres (153.97 km2)[110]
Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge Island of Kauaʻi 1972 917 acres (3.71 km2)[111]
Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge Hawaiʻi 1909 245,000 acres (990 km2)[112]
Hulē‘ia National Wildlife Refuge Island of Kauaʻi 1973 241 acres (0.98 km2)[113]
James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge Island of Oʻahu 1976 1,100 acres (4.5 km2)[114]
Kakahai‘a National Wildlife Refuge Island of Molokaʻi 1977 44 acres (0.18 km2)[115]
Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge Island of Maui 1992 700 acres (2.8 km2)[116]
Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge Island of Kauaʻi 1985 203 acres (0.82 km2)[117]
Oahu Forest National Wildlife Refuge Island of Oʻahu 2000 4,525 acres (18.31 km2)[118]
Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge Island of Oʻahu 1972 63 acres (0.25 km2)[119]

Idaho[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge* Bear Lake County 1968 19,000 acres (77 km2)[120]
Camas National Wildlife Refuge* Jefferson County 1937 10,578 acres (42.81 km2)[121]
Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge Canyon County
Owyhee County
Payette County
Washington County
Malheur County, Oregon
Baker County, Oregon
1909 10,548 acres (42.69 km2)[122]
Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge* Bonneville County
Caribou County
1965 19,400 acres (79 km2)[123]
Kootenai National Wildlife Refuge Boundary County 1964 2,774 acres (11.23 km2)[124]
Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge* Blaine County
Cassia County
Minidoka County
Power County
1909 20,751 acres (83.98 km2)[125]
Oxford Slough Waterfowl Production Area Bannock County
Franklin County
1985 1,878 acres (7.60 km2)[126]

Illinois[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Chautauqua National Wildlife Refuge Mason County 1936 4,388 acres (17.76 km2)[127]
Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge Jackson County
Union County
Williamson County
1947 43,890 acres (177.6 km2)[128]
Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge Alexander County
Johnson County
Pulaski County
Union County
1990 16,000 acres (65 km2)[129]
Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge Fulton County 1993 11,122 acres (45.01 km2)[130]
Hackmatack National Wildlife Refuge McHenry County
Walworth County, Wisconsin
2012 11,200 acres (45 km2)[131]
Kankakee National Wildlife Refuge and Conservation Area Iroquois County 2016 66 acres (0.27 km2)[132]
Meredosia National Wildlife Refuge Cass County
Morgan County
1973 5,255 acres (21.27 km2)[133]
Middle Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge Illinois
Missouri
2000 7,000 acres (28 km2)[134]
Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge Illinois
Missouri
1958 8,501 acres (34.40 km2)[135]

Indiana[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge Jefferson County
Jennings County
Ripley County
2000 50,000 acres (200 km2)[136]
Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge Jackson County
Jennings County
Monroe County
1966 7,880 acres (31.9 km2)[137]
Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge and Management Area Gibson County
Pike County
1994 23,962 acres (96.97 km2)[138]

Iowa[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge Harrison County
Pottawattamie County
Washington County, Nebraska
1958 8,362 acres (33.84 km2)[139]
Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge Iowa
Illinois
Wisconsin
1989 911 acres (3.69 km2)[140]
Iowa Wetland Management District Covers 15 counties 25,000 acres (100 km2)
75 waterfowl production areas[141]
Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge Jasper County 1990 8,654 acres (35.02 km2)[142]
Port Louisa National Wildlife Refuge Louisa County
Mercer County, Illinois
1958 1,078 acres (4.36 km2)[143]
Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge Kossuth County 1938 3,334 acres (13.49 km2)[144]

Kansas[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Flint Hills National Wildlife Refuge Coffey County
Lyon County
1966 18,463 acres (74.72 km2)[145]
Kirwin National Wildlife Refuge Phillips County 1954 10,778 acres (43.62 km2)[146]
Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge Linn County 1992 7,500 acres (30 km2)[147]
Quivira National Wildlife Refuge Reno County
Rice County
Stafford County
1955 22,135 acres (89.58 km2)[148]

Kentucky[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge Graves County
Marshall County
McCracken County
1997 8,040 acres (32.5 km2)[149]
Green River National Wildlife Refuge Henderson County 2019 10 acres (0.040 km2)[150]

Louisiana[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Atchafalaya National Wildlife Refuge Iberville Parish
St. Martin Parish
1986 15,220 acres (61.6 km2)[151]
Bayou Cocodrie National Wildlife Refuge Concordia Parish 1992 13,200 acres (53 km2)[152]
Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge New Orleans 1990 22,770 acres (92.1 km2)[153]
Bayou Teche National Wildlife Refuge St. Mary Parish 2001 9,028 acres (36.54 km2)[154]
Big Branch Marsh National Wildlife Refuge St. Tammany Parish 2001 24,000 acres (97 km2)[155]
Black Bayou Lake National Wildlife Refuge Ouachita Parish 1997 4,200 acres (17 km2)[156]
Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge St. Tammany and Washington Parishes, Louisiana
and Pearl River County, Mississippi
1980 40,000 acres (160 km2)[157]
Breton National Wildlife Refuge St. Bernard Parish
Plaquemines Parish
1904 13,000 acres (53 km2)[158]
Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge Cameron Parish 1986 9,621 acres (38.93 km2)[159]
Cat Island National Wildlife Refuge West Feliciana Parish 2000 9,623 acres (38.94 km2)[160]
Catahoula National Wildlife Refuge Catahoula Parish
LaSalle Parish
1958 25,162 acres (101.83 km2)[161]
D'Arbonne National Wildlife Refuge Ouachita Parish
Union Parish
1986[162] -
Delta National Wildlife Refuge Plaquemines Parish 1935 49,000 acres (200 km2)[163]
Grand Cote National Wildlife Refuge Avoyelles Parish 1989 6,077 acres (24.59 km2)[164]
East Cove National Wildlife Refuge Cameron Parish 1937 14,927 acres (60.41 km2)[165]
Handy Brake National Wildlife Refuge Morehouse Parish 1988 501 acres (2.03 km2)[166]
Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge Cameron Parish
Evangeline Parish
1937 35,000 acres (140 km2)[167]
Lake Ophelia National Wildlife Refuge Avoyelles Parish 1988 17,500 acres (71 km2)[168]
Louisiana Wetland Management District 20 parishes in northern Louisiana 1990 25,710 acres (104.0 km2)[169]
Mandalay National Wildlife Refuge Terrebonne Parish 1996 4,416 acres (17.87 km2)[170]
Red River National Wildlife Refuge Bossier Parish
Caddo Parish
DeSoto Parish
Natchitoches Parish
Red River Parish
2001 50,000 acres (200 km2)[171]
Sabine National Wildlife Refuge Cameron Parish 1937 125,790 acres (509.1 km2)[172]
Shell Keys National Wildlife Refuge Iberia Parish 1907[173] -
Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge Franklin Parish
Madison Parish
Tensas Parish
1998 64,012 acres (259.05 km2)[174]
Upper Ouachita National Wildlife Refuge Morehouse Parish
Union Parish
1978 41,430 acres (167.7 km2)[175]

Maine[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Aroostook National Wildlife Refuge Aroostook County 1998 5,252 acres (21.25 km2)[176]
Carlton Pond Waterfowl Production Area Waldo County 1966 1,055 acres (4.27 km2)[177]
Cross Island National Wildlife Refuge* Washington County 1980 1,700 acres (6.9 km2)[178]
Franklin Island National Wildlife Refuge* Knox County 1973 12 acres (0.049 km2)[179]
Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge Washington County 1937 28,751 acres (116.35 km2)[180]
Petit Manan National Wildlife Refuge* Hancock County
Washington County
1974 6,367 acres (25.77 km2)[181]
Pond Island National Wildlife Refuge* Sagadahoc County 1973 10 acres (0.040 km2)[182]
Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge Cumberland County
York County
1966 9,125 acres (36.93 km2)[183]
Seal Island National Wildlife Refuge* Knox County 1972 65 acres (0.26 km2)[184]
Sunkhaze Meadows National Wildlife Refuge Penobscot County 1988 11,435 acres (46.28 km2)[185]

Maryland[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge* Dorchester County 1933 28,894.35 acres (116.9313 km2)[186]
Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge* Kent County 1962 2,285 acres (9.25 km2)[187]
Glenn Martin National Wildlife Refuge* Somerset County
Accomack County, Virginia
1954 4,548 acres (18.41 km2)[188]
Patuxent Research Refuge [1] Anne Arundel County
Prince George's County
1936 12,800 acres (52 km2)[189]
Susquehanna River National Wildlife Refuge* Harford County 1944 3.79 acres (0.0153 km2)[190]

Massachusetts[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge Sudbury 2005 2,230 acres (9.0 km2)[191]
Great Meadows National Wildlife Refuge Sudbury 1944 250 acres (1.0 km2)[192]
Mashpee National Wildlife Refuge Mashpee 1995 341.65 acres (1.3826 km2)[193]
Massasoit National Wildlife Refuge Plymouth 1983 195 acres (0.79 km2)[194]
Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge Barnstable County 1944 7,604 acres (30.77 km2)[195]
Nantucket National Wildlife Refuge Nantucket 1973 24 acres (0.097 km2)[196]
Nomans Land Island National Wildlife Refuge Nomans Land 1998 640 acres (2.6 km2)[197]
Oxbow National Wildlife Refuge Middlesex County
Worcester County
1974 1,667 acres (6.75 km2)[198]
Parker River National Wildlife Refuge Plum Island 1942 4,662 acres (18.87 km2)[199]
Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge Massachusetts
Connecticut
New Hampshire
Vermont
1997 31,216 acres (126.33 km2)[200]
Thacher Island National Wildlife Refuge Thacher Island 1972 22 acres (0.089 km2)[201]

Michigan[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge Detroit River
Lake Erie
2001 5,868 acres (23.75 km2)[202]
Harbor Island National Wildlife Refuge Lake Huron 1983 695 acres (2.81 km2)[203]
Huron National Wildlife Refuge Lake Superior 1905 147 acres (0.59 km2)[204]
Kirtlands Warbler Wildlife Management Area Lower Peninsula of Michigan 1980 6,684 acres (27.05 km2)[205]
Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge Lake Michigan
Lake Huron
1943 744 acres (3.01 km2)[206]
Michigan Wetland Management District Lower Peninsula of Michigan 1980 664 acres (2.69 km2)[207]
Seney National Wildlife Refuge Schoolcraft County 1935 95,265 acres (385.52 km2)[208]
Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge Saginaw County 1953 9,870 acres (39.9 km2)[209]

Minnesota[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge Marshall County 1937 61,500 acres (249 km2)[210]
Big Stone National Wildlife Refuge Big Stone County
Lac qui Parle County
1975 11,586 acres (46.89 km2)[211]
Big Stone Wetland Management District Lincoln County
Lyon County
1975 3,000 acres (12 km2)[212]
Crane Meadows National Wildlife Refuge Morrison County 1992 13,540 acres (54.8 km2)[213]
Detroit Lakes Wetland Management District Northwestern Minnesota 1953 53,000 acres (210 km2)[214]
Fergus Falls Wetland Management District West Central Minnesota 1962 72,699 acres (294.20 km2)[215]
Glacial Ridge National Wildlife Refuge Polk County 2004 37,756 acres (152.79 km2)[216]
Hamden Slough National Wildlife Refuge Becker County 1989 5,944 acres (24.05 km2)[217]
Litchfield Wetland Management District Central Minnesota 1978 36,000 acres (150 km2)[218]
Mille Lacs National Wildlife Refuge Mille Lacs County 1915 0.57 acres (0.0023 km2)[219]
Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge Carver County
Dakota County
Hennepin County
Le Sueur County
Scott County
Sibley County
1976 14,000 acres (57 km2)[220]
Minnesota Valley Wetland Management District Southeastern Minnesota 1988 8,000 acres (32 km2)[221]
Morris Wetland Management District West Central Minnesota 50,000 acres (200 km2)[222]
Northern Tallgrass Prairie National Wildlife Refuge Minnesota
Iowa
2000 5,000 acres (20 km2)[223]
Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge Aitkin County 1935 18,208 acres (73.69 km2)[224]
Rydell National Wildlife Refuge Polk County 1992 2,120 acres (8.6 km2)[225]
Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge Sherburne County 1965 30,700 acres (124 km2)[226]
Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge Becker County 1938 42,724 acres (172.90 km2)[227]
Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge Upper Mississippi River in:
Illinois
Iowa
Minnesota
Wisconsin
1924 240,000 acres (970 km2)[228]
Windom Wetland Management District South Central Minnesota - 14,000 acres (57 km2)[229]

Mississippi[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Coldwater River National Wildlife Refuge Quitman County
Tallahatchie County
2000 2,069 acres (8.37 km2)[230]
Dahomey National Wildlife Refuge Bolivar County 1990 9,691 acres (39.22 km2)[231]
Grand Bay National Wildlife Refuge Jackson County
Mobile County, Alabama
1992 32,000 acres (130 km2)[232]
Hillside National Wildlife Refuge Holmes County 1975 15,572 acres (63.02 km2)[233]
Holt Collier National Wildlife Refuge Washington County 2004 1,400 acres (5.7 km2)[234]
Mathews Brake National Wildlife Refuge Leflore County 1980 2,418 acres (9.79 km2)[235]
Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge Jackson County 1975 19,000 acres (77 km2)[236]
Morgan Brake National Wildlife Refuge Holmes County 1977 7,383 acres (29.88 km2)[237]
Panther Swamp National Wildlife Refuge Yazoo County 1978 38,697 acres (156.60 km2)[238]
Sam D. Hamilton Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge Noxubee County
Oktibbeha County
Winston County
1940 48,000 acres (190 km2)[239]
St. Catherine Creek National Wildlife Refuge Adams County 1990 34,256 acres (138.63 km2)[240]
Tallahatchie National Wildlife Refuge Grenada County
Tallahatchie County
1990 4,199 acres (16.99 km2)[241]
Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Holmes County
Humphreys County
Leflore County
Sharkey County
Warren County
Washington County
2004[242] -
Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge Washington County 1936 12,941 acres (52.37 km2)[243]

Missouri[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge Missouri River 1994 16,700 acres (68 km2)[244]
Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge Pike County 1964 3,750 acres (15.2 km2)[245]
Great River National Wildlife Refuge Clark County
Lewis County
Adams County, Illinois
Pike County, Illinois
1958 11,600 acres (47 km2)[246]
Loess Bluffs National Wildlife Refuge Holt County 1935 7,415 acres (30.01 km2)[247]
Mingo National Wildlife Refuge Stoddard County
Wayne County
1944 21,676 acres (87.72 km2)[248]
Ozark Cavefish National Wildlife Refuge Lawrence County 1991 40 acres (0.16 km2)[249]
Pilot Knob National Wildlife Refuge Iron County 1987 90 acres (0.36 km2)[250]
Swan Lake National Wildlife Refuge Chariton County 1937 10,795 acres (43.69 km2)[251]

Montana[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge Cascade County 1929 12,459 acres (50.42 km2)[252]
Benton Lake Wetland Management District Montana 1975 16,000 acres (65 km2)[253]
Black Coulee National Wildlife Refuge Blaine County 1938 1,308 acres (5.29 km2)[254]
Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge Phillips County 1936 15,551 acres (62.93 km2)[255]
Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge Fergus County
Garfield County
McCone County
Petroleum County
Phillips County
Valley County
1936 915,814 acres (3,706.17 km2)[256]
Creedman Coulee National Wildlife Refuge Hill County 1941 2,728 acres (11.04 km2)[257]
Grass Lake National Wildlife Refuge
(formerly Halfbreed Lake NWR)
Stillwater County 1987 4,318 acres (17.47 km2)[258]
Hailstone National Wildlife Refuge Stillwater County 1942 2,700 acres (11 km2)[259]
Hewitt Lake National Wildlife Refuge Phillips County 1938 1,360 acres (5.5 km2)[260]
Lake Mason National Wildlife Refuge Musselshell County 1941 16,814 acres (68.04 km2)[261]
Lake Thibadeau National Wildlife Refuge Hill County 1937 3,868 acres (15.65 km2)[262]
Lamesteer National Wildlife Refuge Wibaux County 1942 800 acres (3.2 km2)[262]
Lee Metcalf National Wildlife Refuge Ravalli County 1964 2,800 acres (11 km2)[263]
Lost Trail National Wildlife Refuge Flathead County 1999 8,834 acres (35.75 km2)[264]
Medicine Lake National Wildlife Refuge Sheridan County
Roosevelt County
1935 31,533 acres (127.61 km2)[265]
Ninepipe National Wildlife Refuge Lake County 1921 4,027 acres (16.30 km2)[266]
Northwest Montana Wetland Management District Montana 1970 14,752 acres (59.70 km2)[267]
Pablo National Wildlife Refuge Lake County 1921 2,473 acres (10.01 km2)[268]
Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge Beaverhead County 1932 65,810 acres (266.3 km2)[269]
Swan River National Wildlife Refuge Lake County 1973 1,568 acres (6.35 km2)[270]
UL Bend National Wildlife Refuge Phillips County 1969 56,048 acres (226.82 km2)[271]
War Horse National Wildlife Refuge Petroleum County 1958 3,392 acres (13.73 km2)[272]

Nebraska[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Boyer Chute National Wildlife Refuge Washington County 1992 4,040 acres (16.3 km2)[273]
Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge Garden County 1931 45,818 acres (185.42 km2)[274]
Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge Cherry County 1912 19,131 acres (77.42 km2)[275]
John and Louise Seier National Wildlife Refuge Rock County 1999 2,400 acres (9.7 km2)[276]
North Platte National Wildlife Refuge Scotts Bluff County 1916 5,047 acres (20.42 km2)[276]
Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District South Central Nebraska 1963 22,864 acres (92.53 km2)[277]
Valentine National Wildlife Refuge Cherry County 1935 71,516 acres (289.41 km2)[278]

Nevada[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Anaho Island National Wildlife Refuge Washoe County 1913 247 acres (1.00 km2)[279]
Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge^ Nye County 1984 23,000 acres (93 km2)[280]
Desert National Wildlife Refuge^ Clark County
Lincoln County
1936 1,615,000 acres (6,540 km2)[281]
Fallon National Wildlife Refuge Churchill County 1931 15,000 acres (61 km2)[282]
Moapa Valley National Wildlife Refuge^ Clark County 1979 106 acres (0.43 km2)[283]
Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge^ Lincoln County 1963 5,380 acres (21.8 km2)[284]
Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge Elko County
White Pine County
1938 37,632 acres (152.29 km2)[285]
Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge^^ Humboldt County
Washoe County
Lake County, Oregon
1931 573,504 acres (2,320.89 km2)[286]
Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge Churchill County 1949 79,570 acres (322.0 km2)[287]

New Hampshire[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Great Bay National Wildlife Refuge Rockingham County 1992 1,116 acres (4.52 km2)[288]
John Hay National Wildlife Refuge Merrimack County 1987 164 acres (0.66 km2)[289]
Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge Coös County
Oxford County, Maine
1992 25,650 acres (103.8 km2)[290]
Wapack National Wildlife Refuge Hillsborough County 1972 1,672 acres (6.77 km2)[291]

New Jersey[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Cape May National Wildlife Refuge Cape May County 1989 21,200 acres (86 km2)[292]
Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge Atlantic County
Ocean County
1984 47,437 acres (191.97 km2)[293]
Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge Morris County 1960 7,800 acres (32 km2)[294]
Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuge Salem County 1974 3,230 acres (13.1 km2)[295]
Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge Sussex County
Orange County, New York
1990 5,100 acres (21 km2)[296]

New Mexico[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge Chaves County 1937 24,563 acres (99.40 km2)[297]
Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge Socorro County 1939 57,331 acres (232.01 km2)[298]
Grulla National Wildlife Refuge Roosevelt County
Bailey County, Texas
1969 3,264 acres (13.21 km2)[299]
Las Vegas National Wildlife Refuge San Miguel County 1965 8,672 acres (35.09 km2)[300]
Rio Mora National Wildlife Refuge Mora County 2012 4,224 acres (17.09 km2)[301]
Maxwell National Wildlife Refuge Colfax County 1965 3,699 acres (14.97 km2)[302]
San Andres National Wildlife Refuge Doña Ana County 1941 57,215 acres (231.54 km2)[303]
Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge Socorro County 1973 230,000 acres (930 km2)[304]
Valle de Oro National Wildlife Refuge Bernalillo County 2012 570 acres (2.3 km2)[305]

New York[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Amagansett National Wildlife Refuge* Suffolk County 1968 36 acres (0.15 km2)[306]
Conscience Point National Wildlife Refuge* Suffolk County 1971 60 acres (0.24 km2)[307]
Elizabeth A. Morton National Wildlife Refuge* Suffolk County 1954 187 acres (0.76 km2)[308]
Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge Genesee County
Orleans County
1958 10,828 acres (43.82 km2)[309]
Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge Seneca County 1937 10,004 acres (40.48 km2)[310]
Oyster Bay National Wildlife Refuge* Nassau County 1968 3,209 acres (12.99 km2)[311]
Sayville National Wildlife Refuge* Suffolk County 1992 127 acres (0.51 km2)[312]
Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge* Suffolk County 1968 196 acres (0.79 km2)[313]
Shawangunk Grasslands National Wildlife Refuge Ulster County 1999 597 acres (2.42 km2)[314]
Target Rock National Wildlife Refuge* Suffolk County 1967 80 acres (0.32 km2)[315]
Wertheim National Wildlife Refuge* Suffolk County 1947 2,550 acres (10.3 km2)[316]

North Carolina[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge^ Dare County
Hyde County
1984 152,000 acres (620 km2)[317]
Cedar Island National Wildlife Refuge^^ Carteret County 1964 14,480 acres (58.6 km2)[318]
Currituck National Wildlife Refuge^ Currituck County 1984 8,316 acres (33.65 km2)[319]
Mackay Island National Wildlife Refuge^ Currituck County
Virginia Beach, Virginia
1960 8,231 acres (33.31 km2)[320]
Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge^^ Hyde County 1934 50,173 acres (203.04 km2)[321]
Mountain Bogs National Wildlife Refuge Ashe County 2015 39 acres (0.16 km2)[322]
Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge^ Dare County 1938 31,534 acres (127.61 km2)[323]
Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge Anson County
Richmond County
1963 8,443 acres (34.17 km2)[324]
Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge^ Hyde County
Tyrrell County
Washington County
1963 110,106 acres (445.58 km2)[325]
Roanoke River National Wildlife Refuge^ Bertie County 1989 20,978 acres (84.89 km2)[326]
Swanquarter National Wildlife Refuge^^ Hyde County 1932 16,411 acres (66.41 km2)[327]

North Dakota[edit]

Refuge Name Location Date Established Area
Appert Lake National Wildlife Refuge Emmons County 1930s 1,978 acres (8.00 km2)
Easement on private land[328]
Ardoch National Wildlife Refuge^^^ Walsh County 1939[329] 3,084 acres (12.48 km2)[330]
Easement on private land[331]
Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge^ Stutsman County 1935 15,934 acres (64.48 km2)[332]
Arrowwood Wetland Management District^ Eddy County
Foster County
1961 6,162 acres (24.94 km2)[333]
Audubon National Wildlife Refuge^^ McLean County 1956 (renamed 1967) 14,735 acres (59.63 km2)[334]
Audubon Wetland Management District^^ McLean County
Sheridan County
1950s 155,000 acres (630 km2)
84 waterfowl production areas[335]
Bone Hill National Wildlife Refuge LaMoure County 1939 1,978 acres (8.00 km2)
Easement on private land[336]
Brumba National Wildlife Refuge Towner County 1939[337] Easement on private land[338]
Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge (North Dakota) Pierce County Easement on private land[339]
Camp Lake National Wildlife Refuge McLean County 585 acres (2.37 km2)
Easement on private land[340]
Canfield Lake National Wildlife Refuge Burleigh County 1,978 acres (8.00 km2)
Easement on private land[341]
Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge^ Stutsman County 1908 4,385 acres (17.75 km2)[342]
Chase Lake Wetland Management District^ Stutsman County
Wells County
1993 162,925 acres (659.33 km2)
135 waterfowl production areas[343]
Cottonwood Lake National Wildlife Refuge McHenry County 1939[344] Easement on private land[345]
Crosby Wetland Management District^^^^^^ Burke County
Divide County
Williams County
1962 21,219 acres (85.87 km2)
90 waterfowl production areas[346]
Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge Dickey County 1939 2,784 acres (11.27 km2)
Easement on private land[328]
Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge^^^^^^ Burke County
Ward County
1935 19,500 acres (79 km2)[347]
Devils Lake Wetland Management District^^^ Benson County
Cavalier County
Grand Forks County
Pembina County
Ramsey County
Towner County
Walsh County
258,000 acres (1,040 km2)
257 waterfowl production areas[348]
Florence Lake National Wildlife Refuge^^^^^ Burleigh County 1939 1,888.2 acres (7.641 km2)[349]
Half-Way Lake National Wildlife Refuge Stutsman County 1939 160 acres (0.65 km2)
Easement on private land[350]
Hiddenwood National Wildlife Refuge McLean County 1939[351]
We need Your Support. Make a Donation now! or