Khoàⁿ "Eng-lân"--ê goân-sí lōe-iông

{{Infobox dependency
|name = Eng-lân
|native_name = {{lang|en|England}}
|common_name = Eng-lân

|settlement_type =  [[Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok]] ê kò͘-sêng-kok
     
|image_flag               = Flag of England.svg
|image_seal               = Royal arms of England.svg
| seal_size = 71px
| flag_type = 
| seal_type = hui-chiong

| motto = 
| anthem = 
   
|image_map = England in the UK and Europe.svg
|map_caption = 

|capital = [[Lûn-tun]]
|largest_city = [[Lûn-tun]]

|official_languages = 
|national_languages = [[Eng-gí]]
|regional_languages = 

|ethnic_groups = 
|ethnic_groups_year = 
|ethnic_groups_ref = 
|religion = 
|religion_year = 
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| subdivision_type = [[Chú-khoân kok-ka]]
| subdivision_name = [[Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Hoat-he̍k]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Eng-lân kap Ui-le̍k-sū]]
|government_type = [[kun-chú li̍p-hiàn]], [[Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok]] [[ti̍t-chiap thóng-tī]]
|leader_title1 = kun-chú
|leader_name1 = [[Charles 3-sè (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok)|Charles 3-sè]]
|leader_title2 = 
|leader_name2 = 
|leader_title3 = 
|leader_name3 =  
|leader_title4 = 
|leader_name4   = 

|legislature = 
|upper_house = 
|lower_house = 
|sovereignty_type = 
|sovereignty_note = 

| national_representation = [[Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok Kok-hōe]]
| national_representation_type1 = [[Sù-bîn Īⁿ|Sù-bîn-īⁿ]]
| national_representation1 = 533
   
|area_km2 = 130,279
|area_rank = 
|area_footnote = 
|percent_water = 
    
|population_estimate = {{increaseNeutral}}56,286,961
|population_estimate_rank = 
|population_estimate_year = 2019
|population_census = 
|population_census_rank = 
|population_census_year = 
|population_density_km2 = 432
|population_density_rank = 
    
|GDP_PPP = 
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|GDP_nominal = 
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|GDP_nominal_per_capita = 
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 

| GVA  = £1.9 bān-ek
| GVA_rank  = 
| GVA_year = 2019
| GVA_per_capita = £33,800

|Gini = 
|Gini_change  = 
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|HDI = 
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|currency = [[Eng-pōng]] (£)
|currency_code = GBP
    
|timezone = [[Greenwich Piau-chún-sî|GMT]] 
|utc_offset = {{sp}}
| utc_offset_list = 
|timezone_DST = [[Eng-kok Hā-sî-kan|BST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +1
|DST_note = 
 
|date_format = dd/mm/yyyy<br>yyyy-mm-dd ([[Chú-āu|AD]])
|electricity = 
|drives_on = chó
|cctld = 
|iso_code = GB-ENG
|calling_code = +44

}}

'''Eng-lân''' ({{Hàn-jī|英蘭}}<ref>{{cite dictionary|title=Eng-lân |dictionary=Tē-lí Kàu-kho-su 2 |author= |year=1920 |url=http://ip194097.ntcu.edu.tw/memory/TGB/thak.asp?id=111&page=11 }}</ref>; [[Eng-gí]]: ''England'') sī [[Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok]] ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. "[[Eng-kok]]" ū-sî sī chí England.

== Hō-miâ ==
Tī goân [[Eng-gí]] ho͘-im, ''England'' sī tha̍k chò /ˈɪŋɡlənd/. Kó͘ Eng-gí ê goân-thâu sī ''Englaland'', ì-sù sī "[[Angle lâng]] ê thó͘-tē"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=England|title=England|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|accessdate=2017-02-18}}</ref>. Angle lâng sī [[Chá-kî Tiong-sè-kí]] seng-oa̍h tī Tōa Britain tē-hng ê [[German lâng|German-hē]] pō͘-cho̍k.

''England'' chit-ê miâ tī Ho̍h-ló-ōe bûn-su ia̍h kháu-gí, pau-koat hiān-chāi í-keng hàn tit ēng ê chāi lāi, ū '''Eng-kok''' (英國), '''Tāi-eng-kok''' (大英國), '''Âng-mn̂g-kok''' (紅毛國)<ref>{{cite dictionary|title=England |dictionary=English and Chinese dictionary of the Amoy dialect|author=John Macgowan|year=1883|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023550878#page/n159/mode/2up/search/England}}</ref>, '''Eng-kek-lân''' (英格蘭)<ref>{{cite journal|title=Chong-kàu kái-kek kap phó͘-sè kàu-hōe ūn-tōng|author=Tēⁿ Jî-gio̍k|date=1960 nî 10 goe̍h|newspaper=Tâi-ôan Kàu-hōe Kong-pò}}</ref>, '''Eng-lân'''<ref>{{cite journal|title=Chheng-kàu-tô͘ ê cheng-sîn|author=Ông Chú-chiau|date=1961 nî 11 goe̍h|newspaper=Tâi-ôan Kàu-hōe Kong-pò|quote=Sin Eng-lân}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Tē-lí Kàu-kho-su Koàn Jī|url=http://ip194097.ntcu.edu.tw/memory/TGB/thak.asp?id=111&page=11|at=Tiong Se Tōe-miâ Piáu}}</ref> téng khoán.

== Tē-lí ==
Eng-lân ê pak-pêng sī So͘-kat-lân; sai-pêng sī [[Ài-ní-lân Hái]], [[Ui-le̍k-sū]] kap [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ]]; tī lâm-pêng sī [[Eng-lân Hái-tō]]; hiòng tang-pêng sī [[Pak-hái]].<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/England|title= England|author1 = William Harford Thomas |author2=Peter Kellner|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=2017-08-11}}</ref>

Tē-hêng ê hong-bīn, Eng-lân ê koân-tō͘ bô koân, chóng-sī tû-liáu óa tang-pō͘ ê só͘-chāi, tōa-hūn lóng m̄-sī te̍k-pia̍t pêⁿ-tháⁿ. Eng-lân ê thó͘-tē it-poaⁿ sī sè-lia̍p kē soaⁿ-lūn cho͘-sêng--ê. [[Pennine Soaⁿ-lūn]], [[Cotswold Soaⁿ-lūn]], kiam chi̍t kóa ''[[moor]]'' tē-hêng kap lâm-pō͘ ê [[pe̍h-thô͘]] (''chalk'') tē-chit, sī Eng-lân hô-chhoan chú-iàu ê [[pun-chúi]] tē-hêng.<ref name="Britannica"/>

== Le̍k-sú ==
{{main|Eng-lân ê le̍k-sú}}

Só͘ chai-iáⁿ siāng chá tī Eng-lân tē-hng chhut-hiān ê hui hiān-tāi chéng jîn-lūi sī ''[[Homo antecessor]]'', Eng-lân chāi-tē só͘ hoat-kiàn ê kut-thâu sio̍k tī 50 bān tang chêng.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archaeology.co.uk/the-timeline-of-britain/boxgrove.htm|title=500,000 BC&nbsp;– Boxgrove|accessdate=20 December 2010|work=Current Archaeology|publisher=Current Publishing}}</ref> Tī [[Norfolk]] ê [[Happisburgh]] chng, koh ū hoat-kiàn tāi-iok 90 bān tang chêng chè-chō ê jîn-chō-bu̍t. Siōng-bô ū 9 pho sú-chêng jîn-kûn tùi Au-chiu lâm-pêng sóa ji̍p Eng-lân, kî-tiong siāng bóe kûn chêng 15,000 tang chêng to̍h seng-oa̍h tī kin-á-ji̍t ê [[Nottinghamshire]], Norfolk kap [[Devon]] téng só͘-chāi. Tong-sî ê [[Pak Hái]] iáu koh sī pêⁿ-po͘ kap nâ-á-tē. Keng-kòe [[Chú-chêng|Ch.]] 4700 nî kàu Ch. 2000 nî kan ê [[Sin-chio̍h-khì sî-kî]], Eng-lân ê jîn-kháu chiàu ko͘-sǹg chin-ka kàu 300,000 chó-iū. Tī Ch. 3000 nî ê sî, í-keng ū ēng chio̍h-thâu khí ê chhiûⁿ-á hun-keh thó͘-tē.<ref name="Ackroyd2012ch1">{{Harvnb|Ackroyd|2012|loc=1. Hymns of stone}}</ref>

Lô-má-lâng tī Ch. 55 nî ê sî thâu chi̍t pái chhim-ji̍p Eng-lân. Tong-sî Eng-lân pō͘-cho̍k ê chi̍t ūi siú-léng sī [[Cassivellaunus]]. [[Caesar]] niá kun-tūi hiòng [[Britain]] chìn-peng, tāi-seng tī [[Deal]] hū-kīn chiūⁿ-hōaⁿ, keng-kòe chē pái chiàn-tò͘ liáu-āu thè-kun. Chóng-sī chit chūn Britain lâm-pō͘ chi̍t kóa pō͘-cho̍k mā khai-sí Lô-má-hòa. Kàu [[Claudius]] chò Lô-má hông-tè ê sî, chiong-kun [[Aulus Plautius]] tī Āu 43 nî niá tāi-iok 2 bān lâng ê kun-tūi kòe Eng-lân. Ùi [[Medway Khe Chiàn-tò͘]], [[Caratacus]] chhōa-thâu ê chāi-tē kun-tūi hō͘ Lô-má phah-pāi. Liáu-āu Claudius niá peng lâi kàu Eng-lân hiòng chāi-tē siâⁿ-chhī [[Camulodunum]] chò siāng bóe ê kong-kek. Chit kái ê chiàn-sū, hō͘ Lô-má khai-sí liáu tùi Eng-lân ê cheng-ho̍k. Āu 47 nî, [[Boudicca]] niá-chhōa ê [[Iceni]] pō͘-cho̍k hiòng Lô-má ê thóng-tī hoat-tōng hoán-khòng, chhim-ji̍p liáu pau-koat Tè-kok tē-hng siú-hú [[Colchester]] chāi-lāi ê só͘-chāi. Kàu-bé Boudicca tī [[Watling Tōa-ke Chiàn-tò͘]] chiàn su Lô-má chiong-kun [[Suetonius Paulinus]] ê kun-tūi. Tī Lô-má sî-kî, Eng-lân ê káng-kháu, kim-sio̍k kap cho͘-sòe ū pang-chō͘ Lô-má siong-gia̍p ê chok-iōng. Āu--lâi chia mā piàn chò sī Au-chiu ê lông-sán-tē.<ref name="Ackroyd2012ch2">{{Harvnb|Ackroyd|2012|loc=2. The Roman way}}</ref>

430 nî ê sî, chi̍t kóa sió ông-kok só͘ cho͘-sêng ê liân-bêng thâu-lâng [[Vortigern]], chhōe [[Saxon lâng]] chò [[iông-peng]] lâi tùi-khòng So͘-kat-lâng ê [[Pict lâng]] kap chi̍t kóa [[Ài-ní-lân]] sè-le̍k. Pict lâng hòng-khì chhim-ji̍p liáu-āu, Saxon iông-peng siu bô só͘-hùi, soah tùi [[Tang Anglia]] tē-hng khai-sí hoán-loān, in hiòng [[Thames Valley]] tē-hng hoat-tián, koh ín--lâi lēng-gōa ê German pō͘-cho̍k, pau-koat [[Angle lâng]], Saxon lâng, [[Frisia lâng]], kap [[Jute lâng]]. Chia-ê pō͘-cho̍k tāi-seng sī tī [[Thames Kang]], [[Trent Kang]] kap [[Humber Kang]] iân-sòaⁿ hoat-tián. In tī 6 sè-kí ê sî hō͘ le̍k-sú-ka chheng chò [[Anglo-Saxon lâng]]. Kàu 540 nî-tāi, tùi [[Ai-ki̍p]] hiòng kui-ê Lô-má-hòa sè-kài thoân chhut--lâi chi̍t kái un-e̍k, ū-ê gián-kiù kè-sǹg tong-sî 3, 4 pah-bān jîn-khái kiám kah chhun 1 pah-bān chó-iū. Un-e̍k tùi chāi-tē ê jîn-kûn phò-hoāi pí Anglo-Saxon lâng koh khah giâm-tiōng, sī Anglo-Saxon thang kè-sio̍k hiòng sai-pêng khok-tiong ê goân-in chi it. Saxon ê chi̍t ūi thâu-lâng [[Ceawlin]] pa̍t tī 577 nî ê sî hoat-tián khì kàu [[Cirencester]], [[Gloucester]], kap [[Bath (Somerset)|Bath]]; i-ê sè-le̍k āu-bóe koh hiòng Eng-lân tiong-ng thàng kòe, pek cháu chāi-tē ê kok-ông. Tang-tiong ia̍h ū-ê chāi-tē jîn-kûn sóa hiòng Hoat-lân-se sai-pak-pêng ê [[Armorica]], sán-seng chi̍t kûn kiò [[Breton lâng]] ê cho̍k-hē.<ref name="Ackroyd2012ch4">{{Harvnb|Ackroyd|2012|loc=4. Spear points}}</ref><ref group="kái">Breton lâng ū pō͘-hūn āu--lâi koh tòe [[William Cheng-ho̍k-chiá]] ji̍p Eng-lân.</ref>

9 sè-kí chhe, Eng-lân ū [[Wessex]], [[Mercia]] kap [[Northumbria]] 3 ê chú-iàu ông-kok, lēng-gōa koh ū [[Tang Anglia]], [[Kent]], [[Sussex]] kap [[Essex]] 4-ê khah sió ê ông-kok. Chá-chêng, tī 790 nî ê sî-chūn, ū chi̍t tīn [[Norse lâng]] tùi [[Dorset]] hái-hōaⁿ chhim-ji̍p Eng-lân. Sòa--lo̍h-lâi kúi tang, in chìn chi̍t pō͘ kong-kek chē-ê só͘-chāi. Liáu-āu koh lâi [[Tan-be̍h-lâng]], in chú-iàu kong [[Kent]] kap [[Tang Anglia]]. Ùi Kent ê [[Sandwich]] hū-kīn, hoat-seng liáu Eng-lân siāng chá ê chi̍t pái hái-chiàn. [[866 nî]], Tan-be̍h-lâng chiàm-niá liáu [[York]]. Liáu-āu koh hiòng [[Nottingham]] chhim-lio̍k, kàu-bóe Northumberland kap Tang Anglia lóng siū in khòng-chè. Kàu 870 nî ê sî, Tan-be̍h-lâng chìn tī [[Reading]] an-iâⁿ, chún-pī hiòng Wessex Ông-kok hoat-peng.<ref name="Ackroyd2012ch5">{{Harvnb|Ackroyd|2012|loc=5. The blood eagle}}</ref> 

Eng-lân ê [[Alfred Tāi-ông]] to̍h sī tī chit chūn tek-sè. Keng-kòe chē pái chiàn-su liáu-āu, i ēng chîⁿ siu-bé Tan-be̍h kun-tūi, hō͘ hia Tan-be̍h-lâng thè tńg Lûn-tun, chit-ê sî-kî Alfred sǹg sī Tan-be̍h sè-le̍k ê phoan-chú. Liáu-āu Alfred koh tī [[Chippenham]] chiàn-pāi, liû-bông kòe [[Somerset]] tē-hng. I ùi [[Athelney]] khí siat chi̍t chō iàu-sài. 878 nî ê chhun-thiⁿ, Alfred Tāi-ông niá Somerset, [[Wiltshire]], kap pō͘-hūn [[Hampshire]] ê kun-tūi khì kàu chi̍t-ê hō chò “[[Egbert ê Chio̍h-thâu]]” (''Egbert’s Stone'') ê só͘-chāi. Tī Wiltshire ê [[Edington]] i kap Tan-be̍h thâu-lâng [[Guthrum]] ê kun-tūi khí [[Edington Chiàn-tò͘]], lo̍h-bé phah iâⁿ. Liáu-āu Guthrum chiap-siū kiat-kó jî-chhiá kap chē-ê chí-hui-koaⁿ siū-sé ji̍p Ki-tok-kàu.<ref name="Ackroyd2012ch5"/>

Tan-be̍h-lâng, mā hō chò [[Viking lâng]], tī 10 sè-kí bóe oa-ná koh tī Eng-lân oa̍h-tāng. Eng-lân ê kun-chú [[Ethelred]] chū [[Maldon Chiàn-tò͘]] chiàn-pāi liáu-āu to̍h chē pái hiòng Tan-be̍h-lâng ê sè-le̍k la̍p sòe-kim. Tan-be̍h-ông [[Swein Forkbeard]] koh tī 1013 nî kap hāu-seⁿ [[Canute]] chhōa chûn-tūi kòe Eng-lân, chiàⁿ iâⁿ Ethelred ê sè-le̍k. Canute tī 1016 nî tit tio̍h ông-ūi; chiūⁿ-ūi liáu-āu to̍h khai-sí thâi Eng-lân hôa-cho̍k. I mā choán sìn Ki-tok-kàu, koh chham goân-té Ethelred ê bó͘ [[Normandy ê Emma|Emma]] kiat-hun. Canute tī Eng-lân kiàn-li̍p tiat-sū, koh chū-chheng sī So͘-kat-lân, Ài-ní-lân kiam Ui-le̍k-sū ê kun-chú. I hi-chūn oa-ná sī Tan-be̍h kiam Nô͘-ui ê ông. 1035 nî Canute kòe-sin, keng-kòe in kiáⁿ [[Harold Harefoot]] kap [[Harthacanute]] ê té-chām thóng-tī, āu--lâi khoân-le̍k thoân kàu Ethelred kap Emma ê hāu-seⁿ [[Edward Chhàm-hóe-chiá|Edward]] khì. 1043 nî siū ka-bián liáu-āu, Edward to̍h siat chi̍t kóa lī-ek Normandy sè-le̍k ê chèng-chhek, chhan-chhiūⁿ pun Lûn-tun ê bé-thâu hō͘ [[Rouen]] ê seng-lí-lâng.<ref name="Ackroyd2012ch7">{{Harvnb|Ackroyd|2012|loc=7. The coming of the conquerors}}</ref>

== Chù-kái ==
{{reflist|group=kái}}

== Chham-chiàu ==
=== Su-chì ===
* {{cite book|ref = harv |author-first=Peter |author-last=Ackroyd|title=Foundation: The History of England Volume I|publisher= Macmillan |year=2012|isbn=9780330544283}}

=== Chù-kha ===
{{reflist}}

{{Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok}}
{{authority control}}
[[Lūi-pia̍t:Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok]]
[[Lūi-pia̍t:Eng-lân|*]]